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15    
16      <h2>Built-In Functions</h2>      <h2>Built-In Functions</h2>
17      <p>      <p>
18        These are the built-in functions available with the NKSP realt-time        These are the built-in functions available with the NKSP real-time
19        instrument script language.        instrument script language.
20      </p>      </p>
21    
# Line 28  Line 28 
28          <th>Function</th> <th>Description</th>          <th>Function</th> <th>Description</th>
29        </tr>        </tr>
30        <tr>        <tr>
31          <td><code>message()</code></td>          <td><code lang="nksp">abort()</code></td>
32            <td>Stops execution of a script callback.</td>
33          </tr>
34          <tr>
35            <td><code lang="nksp">array_equal()</code></td>
36            <td>Check whether two arrays are equal.</td>
37          </tr>
38          <tr>
39            <td><code>fork()</code></td>
40            <td>Creates new execution instances.</td>
41          </tr>
42          <tr>
43            <td><code lang="nksp">dec()</code></td>
44            <td>Decrements the passed integer variable by one.</td>
45          </tr>
46          <tr>
47            <td><code>inc()</code></td>
48            <td>Increments the passed integer variable by one.</td>
49          </tr>
50          <tr>
51            <td><code>in_range()</code></td>
52            <td>Checks whether a value is between two other values.</td>
53          </tr>
54          <tr>
55            <td><code lang="nksp">message()</code></td>
56          <td>Prints text to the sampler's terminal.</td>          <td>Prints text to the sampler's terminal.</td>
57        </tr>        </tr>
58        <tr>        <tr>
59            <td><code>search()</code></td>
60            <td>Search for a certain value within an array.</td>
61          </tr>
62          <tr>
63            <td><code>sort()</code></td>
64            <td>Sort the given array.</td>
65          </tr>
66          <tr>
67          <td><code>exit()</code></td>          <td><code>exit()</code></td>
68          <td>Stops execution of the current event handler instance.</td>          <td>Stops execution of the current event handler instance.</td>
69        </tr>        </tr>
# Line 40  Line 72 
72          <td>Pauses execution for a certain amount of time.</td>          <td>Pauses execution for a certain amount of time.</td>
73        </tr>        </tr>
74        <tr>        <tr>
75            <td><code>stop_wait()</code></td>
76            <td>Resumes execution of a suspended script callback.</td>
77          </tr>
78          <tr>
79          <td><code>abs()</code></td>          <td><code>abs()</code></td>
80          <td>Calculates the absolute value of a given value.</td>          <td>Calculates the absolute value of a given value.</td>
81        </tr>        </tr>
# Line 48  Line 84 
84          <td>Random number generator.</td>          <td>Random number generator.</td>
85        </tr>        </tr>
86        <tr>        <tr>
87            <td><code>min()</code></td>
88            <td>Calculates the minimum value of two given values.</td>
89          </tr>
90          <tr>
91            <td><code>max()</code></td>
92            <td>Calculates the maximum value of two given values.</td>
93          </tr>
94          <tr>
95          <td><code>num_elements()</code></td>          <td><code>num_elements()</code></td>
96          <td>Returns the size of the requested array variable.</td>          <td>Returns the size of the requested array variable.</td>
97        </tr>        </tr>
98          <tr>
99            <td><code>sh_left()</code></td>
100            <td>Calculates a left bit shifted value.</td>
101          </tr>
102          <tr>
103            <td><code>sh_right()</code></td>
104            <td>Calculates a right bit shifted value.</td>
105          </tr>
106      </table>      </table>
107            
108      <h3>Common Sampler Functions</h3>      <h3>Common Sampler Functions</h3>
# Line 67  Line 119 
119          <td>Triggers a new note.</td>          <td>Triggers a new note.</td>
120        </tr>        </tr>
121        <tr>        <tr>
122            <td><code>change_note()</code></td>
123            <td>Change MIDI note number of note.</td>
124          </tr>
125          <tr>
126            <td><code>change_pan()</code></td>
127            <td>Changes panning of voices (stereo balance).</td>
128          </tr>
129          <tr>
130            <td><code>change_play_pos()</code></td>
131            <td>Change the sample playback position.</td>
132          </tr>
133          <tr>
134            <td><code>change_tune()</code></td>
135            <td>Changes the tuning of voices.</td>
136          </tr>
137          <tr>
138            <td><code>change_tune_time()</code></td>
139            <td>Changes the duration of tuning changes.</td>
140          </tr>
141          <tr>
142            <td><code>change_tune_curve()</code></td>
143            <td>Changes the curve type of tuning changes.</td>
144          </tr>
145          <tr>
146            <td><code>change_vol()</code></td>
147            <td>Changes the volume of voices.</td>
148          </tr>
149          <tr>
150            <td><code>change_vol_time()</code></td>
151            <td>Changes the duration of volume changes.</td>
152          </tr>
153          <tr>
154            <td><code>change_vol_curve()</code></td>
155            <td>Changes the curve type of volume changes.</td>
156          </tr>
157          <tr>
158            <td><code>change_cutoff()</code></td>
159            <td>Changes filter cutoff frequency of voices.</td>
160          </tr>
161          <tr>
162            <td><code>change_reso()</code></td>
163            <td>Changes filter resonance of voices.</td>
164          </tr>
165          <tr>
166            <td><code>change_attack()</code></td>
167            <td>Modifies the attack time of voices.</td>
168          </tr>
169          <tr>
170            <td><code>change_decay()</code></td>
171            <td>Modifies the decay time of voices.</td>
172          </tr>
173          <tr>
174            <td><code>change_release()</code></td>
175            <td>Modifies the release time of voices.</td>
176          </tr>
177          <tr>
178            <td><code>change_amp_lfo_depth()</code></td>
179            <td>Modifies the amplitude LFO depth.</td>
180          </tr>
181          <tr>
182            <td><code>change_amp_lfo_freq()</code></td>
183            <td>Modifies the amplitude LFO frequency.</td>
184          </tr>
185          <tr>
186            <td><code>change_pitch_lfo_depth()</code></td>
187            <td>Modifies the pitch LFO depth.</td>
188          </tr>
189          <tr>
190            <td><code>change_pitch_lfo_freq()</code></td>
191            <td>Modifies the pitch LFO frequency.</td>
192          </tr>
193          <tr>
194            <td><code>change_velo()</code></td>
195            <td>Change MIDI velocity of note.</td>
196          </tr>
197          <tr>
198            <td><code>event_status()</code></td>
199            <td>Checks and returns whether a particular note is still alive.</td>
200          </tr>
201          <tr>
202            <td><code>fade_in()</code></td>
203            <td>Fade the requested note in.</td>
204          </tr>
205          <tr>
206            <td><code>fade_out()</code></td>
207            <td>Fade the requested note out.</td>
208          </tr>
209          <tr>
210            <td><code>get_event_par()</code></td>
211            <td>Get the current value of a specific note parameter.</td>
212          </tr>
213          <tr>
214            <td><code>set_event_par()</code></td>
215            <td>Change the value of a specific note parameter.</td>
216          </tr>
217          <tr>
218          <td><code>set_controller()</code></td>          <td><code>set_controller()</code></td>
219          <td>Creates a MIDI control change event.</td>          <td>Creates a MIDI control change event.</td>
220        </tr>        </tr>
# Line 109  Line 257 
257          <td><code>gig_set_dim_zone()</code></td>          <td><code>gig_set_dim_zone()</code></td>
258          <td>Changes the currently active dimension zone.</td>          <td>Changes the currently active dimension zone.</td>
259        </tr>        </tr>
260          <tr>
261            <td><code>same_region()</code></td>
262            <td>Check whether two keys are mapped to the same region.</td>
263          </tr>
264      </table>      </table>
265    
266      <h2>Built-In Variables</h2>      <h2>Built-In Variables</h2>
# Line 116  Line 268 
268        These are the built-in variables and built-in constants available with the        These are the built-in variables and built-in constants available with the
269        NKSP realt-time instrument script language.        NKSP realt-time instrument script language.
270      </p>      </p>
271        
272        <h3>Core Language Variables</h3>
273        <p>
274          Most fundamental NKSP built-in variables, independent from any purpose of
275          being used in a sampler.
276        </p>
277        <table>
278          <tr>
279            <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th>
280          </tr>
281          <tr>
282            <td><code>$KSP_TIMER</code></td>
283            <td>Preserved for compatiblity reasons with KSP, returns the same value
284               as <code>$NKSP_REAL_TIMER</code> (refer to the latter for details).
285               Note that KSP's <code>reset_ksp_timer()</code> function is not available with
286               NKSP. However when calculating time differences between two time
287               stamps taken with <code>$NKSP_REAL_TIMER</code>, calling such a reset
288               function is not required, because the underlying clock does not stop
289               when it reached its value limit (which happens every 71 minutes), instead the clock
290               will automatically restart from zero and the calculated time difference
291               even between such transitions will reflect correct durations.</td>
292          </tr>
293          <tr>
294            <td><code>$NKSP_PERF_TIMER</code></td>
295            <td>Returns the current performance time stamp (in microseconds) of the
296                script running. You may read this variable from time to time to take
297                time stamps which can be used to calculate the time difference
298                (in microseconds) which elapsed between them. A performance time
299                stamp is based on the script's actual CPU execution time. So the
300                internal clock which is used for generating such time stamps is only
301                running forward if the respective script is actually executed by the
302                CPU. Whenever your script is not really executed by the CPU (i.e. because
303                your script got suspended by a wait() call or got forcely suspended due to
304                real-time constraints, or when the entire sampler application got suspended
305                by the OS for other applications or OS tasks) then the underlying internal
306                clock is paused as well.
307                <note class="important">
308                  You should only use this built-in variable for script development
309                  purposes (i.e. for bench marking the performance of your script).
310                  You should <b>not</b> use it with your final production sounds!
311                  It is not appropriate for being used in a musical context, because
312                  when an offline bounce is performed for instance, the musical timing
313                  will be completely unrelated to the CPU execution time. Plus using
314                  this variable may cause audio drop outs on some systems. In a musical
315                  context you should use <code>$ENGINE_UPTIME</code> instead, which is
316                  also safe for offline bounces.
317                </note>
318                <note>
319                  On some systems <code>$NKSP_REAL_TIMER</code> and
320                  <code>$NKSP_PERF_TIMER</code> will actually return the same value. So the
321                  difference between them is not implemented for all systems at the moment.
322                </note>
323            </td>
324          </tr>
325          <tr>
326            <td><code>%NKSP_CALLBACK_CHILD_ID[]</code></td>
327            <td>
328              Reflects the callback IDs of all child threads which the current
329              script callback instance spawned by calling function <code>fork()</code>.
330              See the latter function for details about this array variable.
331            </td>
332          </tr>
333          <tr>
334            <td><code>$NKSP_CALLBACK_PARENT_ID</code></td>
335            <td>
336              If the current execution thread is a child thread spawned by a <code>fork()</code>
337              call before, then this variable reflects the callback ID of the parent
338              thread which created this child thread. Otherwise this variable is zero.
339              See function <code>fork()</code> for more details about this variable.
340            </td>
341          </tr>
342          <tr>
343            <td><code>$NKSP_REAL_TIMER</code></td>
344            <td>Returns the current time stamp in reality (in microseconds). You may
345                read this variable from time to time to take
346                time stamps which can be used to calculate the time difference
347                (in microseconds) which elapsed between them. A "real" time
348                stamp is based on an internal clock which constantly proceeds, so this
349                internal clock also continues counting while your script is either suspended
350                (i.e. because your script got suspended by a wait() call or got forcely
351                suspended due to real-time constraints) and it also continues counting
352                even if the entire sampler application got suspended by the OS (i.e. to
353                execute other applications for multi-tasking or to perform OS tasks).
354                <note class="important">
355                  You should only use this built-in variable for script development
356                  purposes (i.e. for bench marking the performance of your script).
357                  You should <b>not</b> use it with your final production sounds!
358                  It is not appropriate for being used in a musical context, because
359                  when an offline bounce is performed for instance, the musical timing
360                  will be completely unrelated to the CPU execution time. Plus using
361                  this variable may cause audio drop outs on some systems. In a musical
362                  context you should use <code>$ENGINE_UPTIME</code> instead, which is
363                  also safe for offline bounces.
364                </note>
365                <note>
366                  On some systems <code>$NKSP_REAL_TIMER</code> and
367                  <code>$NKSP_PERF_TIMER</code> will actually return the same value. So the
368                  difference between them is not implemented for all systems at the moment.
369                </note>
370            </td>
371          </tr>
372          <tr>
373            <td><code>$NI_CALLBACK_ID</code></td>
374            <td>Reflects the current event handler instance's unique callback ID.
375                For the same event type there may be more than
376                one event handler instances running. Each one of them has
377                its own callback ID. You can get the current event handler
378                instance's callback ID by reading this built-in variable.</td>
379          </tr>
380          <tr>
381            <td><code>$NI_CALLBACK_TYPE</code></td>
382            <td>Reflects the event type of the current event handler. This variable
383                may reflect one of the following built-in constants:
384                <code>$NI_CB_TYPE_INIT</code>, <code>$NI_CB_TYPE_NOTE</code>,
385                <code>$NI_CB_TYPE_RELEASE</code>, <code>$NI_CB_TYPE_CONTROLLER</code>.</td>
386          </tr>
387          <tr>
388            <td><code>$NI_CB_TYPE_INIT</code></td>
389            <td>Built-in constant reflecting an <code>init</code> event handler type.</td>
390          </tr>
391          <tr>
392            <td><code>$NI_CB_TYPE_NOTE</code></td>
393            <td>Built-in constant reflecting a <code>note</code> event handler type.</td>
394          </tr>
395          <tr>
396            <td><code>$NI_CB_TYPE_RELEASE</code></td>
397            <td>Built-in constant reflecting a <code>release</code> event handler type.</td>
398          </tr>
399          <tr>
400            <td><code>$NI_CB_TYPE_CONTROLLER</code></td>
401            <td>Built-in constant reflecting a <code>controller</code> event handler type.</td>
402          </tr>
403          <tr>
404            <td><code>$NKSP_IGNORE_WAIT</code></td>
405            <td>If this boolean built-in variable is <code>1</code> then all calls of your
406                event handler instance to function <code>wait()</code> will be ignored.
407                This may for example be the case if another event handler instance
408                resumed your paused script by calling <code>stop_wait()</code> and
409                passing <code>1</code> to the 2nd argument of that function.</td>
410          </tr>
411        </table>
412    
413      <h3>Common Sampler Variables</h3>      <h3>Common Sampler Variables</h3>
414      <p>      <p>
415        Basic sampler related built-in variables and constants, independent from a        Basic sampler related built-in variables and constants, independent from a
# Line 127  Line 420 
420          <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th>          <th>Variable</th> <th>Description</th>
421        </tr>        </tr>
422        <tr>        <tr>
423            <td><code>%ALL_EVENTS</code></td>
424            <td>
425              Note IDs of all currently active notes of the current sampler part (a.k.a. sampler channel).
426              This may be passed to many built-in functions like <code>note_off()</code>.
427              This array variable only contains IDs of notes which were launched due
428              to MIDI note-on events. This variable does not contain IDs of child notes
429              (i.e. notes which were launched programmatically by calling <code>play_note()</code>).
430              <note>
431                In contrast to KSP this variable is an integer array type, whereas KSP's
432                pendent of this built-in variable is an integer constant (scalar) called
433                <code>$ALL_EVENTS</code>. Using the latter with NKSP will cause a
434                parser warning, the behavior will be the same though.
435              </note>
436            </td>
437          </tr>
438          <tr>
439          <td><code>$CC_NUM</code></td>          <td><code>$CC_NUM</code></td>
440          <td>MIDI controller number that caused the <code>controller</code>          <td>MIDI controller number that caused the <code>controller</code>
441              handler to be executed (only useful in the context of a              handler to be executed (only useful in the context of a
# Line 160  Line 469 
469              <code>note</code> or <code>release</code> handler).</td>              <code>note</code> or <code>release</code> handler).</td>
470        </tr>        </tr>
471        <tr>        <tr>
472            <td><code>$EVENT_STATUS_INACTIVE</code></td>
473            <td>Constant bit flag used as possible return value by
474                <code>event_status()</code> in case the requested
475                note is not "alive".</td>
476          </tr>
477          <tr>
478            <td><code>$EVENT_STATUS_NOTE_QUEUE</code></td>
479            <td>Constant bit flag used as possible return value by
480                <code>event_status()</code> in case the requested
481                note is still "alive".</td>
482          </tr>
483          <tr>
484            <td><code>$EVENT_PAR_NOTE</code></td>
485            <td>Constant value symbolizing the "note number" parameter. See
486                <code>get_event_par()</code> and <code>set_event_par()</code>
487                for details.</td>
488          </tr>
489          <tr>
490            <td><code>$EVENT_PAR_TUNE</code></td>
491            <td>Constant value symbolizing the "tune" parameter. See
492                <code>get_event_par()</code> and <code>set_event_par()</code>
493                for details.</td>
494          </tr>
495          <tr>
496            <td><code>$EVENT_PAR_VELOCITY</code></td>
497            <td>Constant value symbolizing the "note velocity" parameter. See
498                <code>get_event_par()</code> and <code>set_event_par()</code>
499                for details.</td>
500          </tr>
501          <tr>
502            <td><code>$EVENT_PAR_VOLUME</code></td>
503            <td>Constant value symbolizing the "volume" parameter. See
504                <code>get_event_par()</code> and <code>set_event_par()</code>
505                for details.</td>
506          </tr>
507          <tr>
508            <td><code>$EVENT_PAR_0</code> to <code>$EVENT_PAR_3</code></td>
509            <td>Four constant values symbolizing the 4 possible user specific
510                parameters, which i.e. might be used to pass data from one script
511                (slot) to another script (slot). See  <code>get_event_par()</code>
512                and <code>set_event_par()</code> for details.</td>
513          </tr>
514          <tr>
515          <td><code>%KEY_DOWN[]</code></td>          <td><code>%KEY_DOWN[]</code></td>
516          <td>This can be used in any context to check whether a certain MIDI          <td>This can be used in any context to check whether a certain MIDI
517              key is currently pressed down. Use the respective MIDI note number              key is currently pressed down. Use the respective MIDI note number
518              as index to this array variable.</td>              as index to this array variable (see also <code>event_status()</code>).</td>
519          </tr>
520          <tr>
521            <td><code>$NKSP_EASE_IN_EASE_OUT</code></td>
522            <td>Used to select a fade curve with "ease in and ease out" shape.</td>
523          </tr>
524          <tr>
525            <td><code>$NKSP_LINEAR</code></td>
526            <td>Used to select a fade curve with linear shape.</td>
527        </tr>        </tr>
528        <tr>        <tr>
529          <td><code>$VCC_MONO_AT</code></td>          <td><code>$VCC_MONO_AT</code></td>
# Line 183  Line 543 
543              This is somewhat different than in the MIDI standard. With              This is somewhat different than in the MIDI standard. With
544              NKSP pitch bend is handled like an additional "regular" MIDI CC controller.              NKSP pitch bend is handled like an additional "regular" MIDI CC controller.
545              Therefore use              Therefore use
546              <code>%CC[$VCC_PITCH_BEND]</code> to obtain the current aftertouch value              <code>%CC[$VCC_PITCH_BEND]</code> to obtain the current pitch bend wheel value
547              in the context of a <code>controller</code> event handler.</td>              in the context of a <code>controller</code> event handler.</td>
548        </tr>        </tr>
549        <tr>        <tr>
# Line 191  Line 551 
551          <td>Used to select one of the available 28 event groups.          <td>Used to select one of the available 28 event groups.
552          See <code>set_event_mark()</code> for details.</td>          See <code>set_event_mark()</code> for details.</td>
553        </tr>        </tr>
554          <tr>
555            <td><code>$ENGINE_UPTIME</code></td>
556            <td>Returns the current time stamp (in milliseconds) for being
557                used in a musical context. You may read this variable from time to time
558                to take time stamps which can be used to calculate the time difference
559                (in milliseconds) which elapsed between them. These timing values are
560                based on the internal sample rate and thus it can safely be used to
561                perform musical timing related tasks in your scripts. Especially
562                your script will also continue to behave correctly when an offline bounce
563                of a song is performed.
564            </td>
565          </tr>
566      </table>      </table>
567    
568      <h3>GigaStudio Format Variables</h3>      <h3>GigaStudio Format Variables</h3>
# Line 227  Line 599 
599          <td>Constant that identifies the <i>keyboard position dimension</i>.</td>          <td>Constant that identifies the <i>keyboard position dimension</i>.</td>
600        </tr>        </tr>
601        <tr>        <tr>
602          <td><code>$GIG_DIM_ROUNDROBIN"</code></td>          <td><code>$GIG_DIM_ROUNDROBIN</code></td>
603          <td>Constant that identifies the <i>round robin dimension</i>.</td>          <td>Constant that identifies the <i>round robin dimension</i>.</td>
604        </tr>        </tr>
605        <tr>        <tr>

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