/[svn]/linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

Diff of /linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

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-revision 2645 by schoenebeck,
Wed Jun 18 00:14:57 2014 UTC
+revision 2960 by schoenebeck,
Sun Jul 17 12:10:06 2016 UTC
 Line 1
  /*
-  * Copyright (c) 2014 Christian Schoenebeck
+  * Copyright (c) 2014-2016 Christian Schoenebeck
   *
   * http://www.linuxsampler.org
   *
 Line 20
  #include <stddef.h> // offsetof()
  namespace LinuxSampler {
+     /**
+      * Identifies the type of a noteworthy issue identified by the script
+      * parser. That's either a parser error or parser warning.
+      */
      enum ParserIssueType_t {
-         PARSER_ERROR,
+         PARSER_ERROR, ///< Script parser encountered an error, the script cannot be executed.
-         PARSER_WARNING
+         PARSER_WARNING ///< Script parser encountered a warning, the script may be executed if desired, but the script may not necessarily behave as originally intended by the script author.
      };
+     /** @brief Expression's data type.
+      *
+      * Identifies to which data type an expression within a script evaluates to.
+      * This can for example reflect the data type of script function arguments,
+      * script function return values, but also the resulting data type of some
+      * mathematical formula within a script.
+      */
      enum ExprType_t {
-         EMPTY_EXPR, ///< i.e. on invalid expressions or i.e. a function call that does not return a result value
+         EMPTY_EXPR, ///< i.e. on invalid expressions or i.e. a function call that does not return a result value (the built-in wait() or message() functions for instance)
-         INT_EXPR,
+         INT_EXPR, ///< integer (scalar) expression
-         INT_ARR_EXPR,
+         INT_ARR_EXPR, ///< integer array expression
-         STRING_EXPR,
+         STRING_EXPR, ///< string expression
-         STRING_ARR_EXPR,
+         STRING_ARR_EXPR, ///< string array expression
      };
+     /** @brief Result flags of a script statement or script function call.
+      *
+      * A set of bit flags which provide informations about the success or
+      * failure of a statement within a script. That's also especially used for
+      * providing informations about success / failure of a call to a built-in
+      * script function. The virtual machine evaluates these flags during runtime
+      * to decide whether it should i.e. stop or suspend execution of a script.
+      *
+      * Since these are bit flags, these constants are bitwise combined.
+      */
      enum StmtFlags_t {
         STMT_SUCCESS = 0, ///< Function / statement was executed successfully, no error occurred.
-        STMT_ABORT_SIGNALLED = 1, ///< VM should stop the current callback execution (usually because of an error, but might also be without an error reason).
+        STMT_ABORT_SIGNALLED = 1, ///< VM should stop the current callback execution (usually because of an error, but might also be without an error reason, i.e. when the built-in script function exit() was called).
-        STMT_SUSPEND_SIGNALLED = (1<<1),
+        STMT_SUSPEND_SIGNALLED = (1<<1), ///< VM supended execution, either because the script called the built-in wait() script function or because the script consumed too much execution time and was forced by the VM to be suspended for some time
-        STMT_ERROR_OCCURRED = (1<<2),
+        STMT_ERROR_OCCURRED = (1<<2), ///< VM stopped execution due to some script runtime error that occurred
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine execution status.
+      *
+      * A set of bit flags which reflect the current overall execution status of
+      * the virtual machine concerning a certain script execution instance.
+      *
+      * Since these are bit flags, these constants are bitwise combined.
+      */
      enum VMExecStatus_t {
-         VM_EXEC_NOT_RUNNING = 0,
+         VM_EXEC_NOT_RUNNING = 0, ///< Script is currently not executed by the VM.
-         VM_EXEC_RUNNING = 1,
+         VM_EXEC_RUNNING = 1, ///< The VM is currently executing the script.
-         VM_EXEC_SUSPENDED = (1<<1),
+         VM_EXEC_SUSPENDED = (1<<1), ///< Script is currently suspended by the VM, either because the script called the built-in wait() script function or because the script consumed too much execution time and was forced by the VM to be suspended for some time.
-         VM_EXEC_ERROR = (1<<2),
+         VM_EXEC_ERROR = (1<<2), ///< A runtime error occurred while executing the script (i.e. a call to some built-in script function failed).
+     };
+     /** @brief Script event handler type.
+      *
+      * Identifies one of the possible event handler callback types defined by
+      * the NKSP script language.
+      */
+     enum VMEventHandlerType_t {
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_INIT, ///< Initilization event handler, that is script's "on init ... end on" code block.
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_NOTE, ///< Note event handler, that is script's "on note ... end on" code block.
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_RELEASE, ///< Release event handler, that is script's "on release ... end on" code block.
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_CONTROLLER, ///< Controller event handler, that is script's "on controller ... end on" code block.
      };
+     // just symbol prototyping
      class VMIntExpr;
      class VMStringExpr;
      class VMIntArrayExpr;
      class VMStringArrayExpr;
+     /** @brief Virtual machine expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions of scripts.
+      * Deriving classes must implement the abstract method exprType().
+      *
+      * An expression within a script is translated into one instance of this
+      * class. It allows a high level access for the virtual machine to evaluate
+      * and handle expressions appropriately during execution. Expressions are
+      * for example all kinds of formulas, function calls, statements or a
+      * combination of them. Most of them evaluate to some kind of value, which
+      * might be further processed as part of encompassing expressions to outer
+      * expression results and so forth.
+      */
      class VMExpr {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Identifies the data type to which the result of this expression
+          * evaluates to. This abstract method must be implemented by deriving
+          * classes.
+          */
          virtual ExprType_t exprType() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * In case this expression is an integer expression, then this method
+          * returns a casted pointer to that VMIntExpr object. It returns NULL
+          * if this expression is not an integer expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. actually a string expression like "12",
+          * calling asInt() will @b not cast that numerical string expression to
+          * an integer expression 12 for you, instead this method will simply
+          * return NULL!
+          *
+          * @see exprType()
+          */
          VMIntExpr* asInt() const;
+         /**
+          * In case this expression is a string expression, then this method
+          * returns a casted pointer to that VMStringExpr object. It returns NULL
+          * if this expression is not a string expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. actually an integer expression like 120,
+          * calling asString() will @b not cast that integer expression to a
+          * string expression "120" for you, instead this method will simply
+          * return NULL!
+          *
+          * @see exprType()
+          */
          VMStringExpr* asString() const;
+         /**
+          * In case this expression is an integer array expression, then this
+          * method returns a casted pointer to that VMIntArrayExpr object. It
+          * returns NULL if this expression is not an integer array expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. an integer expression or a string
+          * expression, calling asIntArray() will @b not cast those scalar
+          * expressions to an array expression for you, instead this method will
+          * simply return NULL!
+          *
+          * @see exprType()
+          */
          VMIntArrayExpr* asIntArray() const;
+         /**
+          * Returns true in case this expression can be considered to be a
+          * constant expression. A constant expression will retain the same
+          * value throughout the entire life time of a script and the
+          * expression's constant value may be evaluated already at script
+          * parse time, which may result in performance benefits during script
+          * runtime.
+          *
+          * @b NOTE: A constant expression is per se always also non modifyable.
+          * But a non modifyable expression may not necessarily be a constant
+          * expression!
+          *
+          * @see isModifyable()
+          */
+         virtual bool isConstExpr() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns true in case this expression is allowed to be modified.
+          * If this method returns @c false then this expression must be handled
+          * as read-only expression, which means that assigning a new value to it
+          * is either not possible or not allowed.
+          *
+          * @b NOTE: A constant expression is per se always also non modifyable.
+          * But a non modifyable expression may not necessarily be a constant
+          * expression!
+          *
+          * @see isConstExpr()
+          */
+         bool isModifyable() const;
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine integer expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to an integer (scalar) value. Deriving classes implement the
+      * abstract method evalInt() to return the actual integer result value of
+      * the expression.
+      */
      class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMExpr {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the result of this expression as integer (scalar) value.
+          * This abstract method must be implemented by deriving classes.
+          */
          virtual int evalInt() = 0;
-         ExprType_t exprType() const { return INT_EXPR; }
+         /**
+          * Returns always INT_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_EXPR; }
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine string expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to a string value. Deriving classes implement the abstract
+      * method evalStr() to return the actual string result value of the
+      * expression.
+      */
      class VMStringExpr : virtual public VMExpr {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the result of this expression as string value. This abstract
+          * method must be implemented by deriving classes.
+          */
          virtual String evalStr() = 0;
-         ExprType_t exprType() const { return STRING_EXPR; }
+         /**
+          * Returns always STRING_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return STRING_EXPR; }
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual Machine Array Value Expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to some kind of array value. Deriving classes implement the
+      * abstract method arraySize() to return the amount of elements within the
+      * array.
+      */
      class VMArrayExpr : virtual public VMExpr {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Returns amount of elements in this array. This abstract method must
+          * be implemented by deriving classes.
+          */
          virtual int arraySize() const = 0;
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual Machine Integer Array Expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to an array of integer values. Deriving classes implement the
+      * abstract methods arraySize(), evalIntElement() and assignIntElement() to
+      * access the individual integer array values.
+      */
      class VMIntArrayExpr : virtual public VMArrayExpr {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the (scalar) integer value of the array element given by
+          * element index @a i.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          */
          virtual int evalIntElement(uint i) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Changes the current value of an element (given by array element
+          * index @a i) of this integer array.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          * @param value - new integer scalar value to be assigned to that array element
+          */
          virtual void assignIntElement(uint i, int value) = 0;
-         ExprType_t exprType() const { return INT_ARR_EXPR; }
+         /**
+          * Returns always INT_ARR_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_ARR_EXPR; }
      };
+     /** @brief Arguments (parameters) for being passed to a built-in script function.
+      *
+      * An argument or a set of arguments passed to a script function are
+      * translated by the parser to an instance of this class. This abstract
+      * interface class is used by implementations of built-in functions to
+      * obtain the individual function argument values being passed to them at
+      * runtime.
+      */
      class VMFnArgs {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the amount of arguments going to be passed to the script
+          * function.
+          */
          virtual int argsCount() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the respective argument (requested by argument index @a i) of
+          * this set of arguments. This method is called by implementations of
+          * built-in script functions to obtain the value of each function
+          * argument passed to the function at runtime.
+          *
+          * @param i - function argument index (indexed from left to right)
+          */
          virtual VMExpr* arg(int i) = 0;
      };
+     /** @brief Result value returned from a call to a built-in script function.
+      *
+      * Implementations of built-in script functions return an instance of this
+      * object to let the virtual machine obtain the result value of the function
+      * call, which might then be further processed by the virtual machine
+      * according to the script. It also provides informations about the success
+      * or failure of the function call.
+      */
      class VMFnResult {
      public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the result value of the function call, represented by a high
+          * level expression object.
+          */
          virtual VMExpr* resultValue() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Provides detailed informations of the success / failure of the
+          * function call. The virtual machine is evaluating the flags returned
+          * here to decide whether it must abort or suspend execution of the
+          * script at this point.
+          */
          virtual StmtFlags_t resultFlags() { return STMT_SUCCESS; }
      };
-     /** @brief VM built-in function.
+     /** @brief Virtual machine built-in function.
       *
       * Abstract base class for built-in script functions, defining the interface
-      * for all built-in script function implementations.
+      * for all built-in script function implementations. All built-in script
+      * functions are deriving from this abstract interface class in order to
+      * provide their functionality to the virtual machine with this unified
+      * interface.
+      *
+      * The methods of this interface class provide two purposes:
+      *
+      * 1. When a script is loaded, the script parser uses the methods of this
+      *    interface to check whether the script author was calling the
+      *    respective built-in script function in a correct way. For example
+      *    the parser checks whether the required amount of parameters were
+      *    passed to the function and whether the data types passed match the
+      *    data types expected by the function. If not, loading the script will
+      *    be aborted with a parser error, describing to the user (i.e. script
+      *    author) the precise misusage of the respective function.
+      * 2. After the script was loaded successfully and the script is executed,
+      *    the virtual machine calls the exec() method of the respective built-in
+      *    function to provide the actual functionality of the built-in function
+      *    call.
       */
      class VMFunction {
      public:
          /**
           * Script data type of the function's return value. If the function does
-          * not return any value, then it returns EMPTY_EXPR here.
+          * not return any value (void), then it returns EMPTY_EXPR here.
           */
          virtual ExprType_t returnType() = 0;
-Line 128 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 383 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Script data type of the function's @c iArg 'th function argument.
           * The information provided here is less strong than acceptsArgType().
           * The parser will compare argument data types provided in scripts by
-          * calling cceptsArgType(). The return value of argType() is used by the
+          * calling acceptsArgType(). The return value of argType() is used by the
           * parser instead to show an appropriate parser error which data type
           * this function usually expects as "default" data type. Reason: a
           * function may accept multiple data types for a certain function
-Line 136 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 391 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * that case to the type it actually needs.
           *
           * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
           */
          virtual ExprType_t argType(int iArg) const = 0;
          /**
-          * This function is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
           * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
           * a script calls this function with an argument's data type not
-          * accepted by this function, the parser will throw a parser error.
+          * accepted by this function, the parser will throw a parser error. On
+          * such errors the data type returned by argType() will be used to
+          * assemble an appropriate error message regarding the precise misusage
+          * of the built-in function.
           *
           * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
           * @param type - script data type used for this function argument by
           *               currently parsed script
+          * @return true if the given data type would be accepted for the
+          *         respective function argument by the function
           */
          virtual bool acceptsArgType(int iArg, ExprType_t type) const = 0;
          /**
-          * Implements the actual function execution. This function is called by
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether some arguments
-          * the VM when this function shall be executed at script runtime.
+          * (and if yes which ones) passed to this script function will be
+          * modified by this script function. Most script functions simply use
+          * their arguments as inputs, that is they only read the argument's
+          * values. However some script function may also use passed
+          * argument(s) as output variables. In this case the function
+          * implementation must return @c true for the respective argument
+          * index here.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          */
+         virtual bool modifiesArg(int iArg) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Implements the actual function execution. This exec() method is
+          * called by the VM whenever this function implementation shall be
+          * executed at script runtime. This method blocks until the function
+          * call completed.
           *
           * @param args - function arguments for executing this built-in function
+          * @returns function's return value (if any) and general status
+          *          informations (i.e. whether the function call caused a
+          *          runtime error)
           */
          virtual VMFnResult* exec(VMFnArgs* args) = 0;
          /**
-          * Concenience method for function implementations to show warning
+          * Convenience method for function implementations to show warning
-          * messages.
+          * messages during actual execution of the built-in function.
           *
-          * @param txt - warning text
+          * @param txt - runtime warning text to be shown to user
           */
          void wrnMsg(const String& txt);
          /**
-          * Concenience method for function implementations to show error
+          * Convenience method for function implementations to show error
-          * messages.
+          * messages during actual execution of the built-in function.
           *
-          * @param txt - error text
+          * @param txt - runtime error text to be shown to user
           */
          void errMsg(const String& txt);
      };
-     /**
+     /** @brief Virtual machine relative pointer.
+      *
       * POD base of VMIntRelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures. Not intended to be
       * used directly. Use VMIntRelPtr or VMInt8RelPtr instead.
+      *
+      * @see VMIntRelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr
       */
      struct VMRelPtr {
          void** base; ///< Base pointer.
-         int offset;  ///< Offset (in bytes) to base pointer.
+         int offset;  ///< Offset (in bytes) relative to base pointer.
+         bool readonly; ///< Whether the pointed data may be modified or just be read.
      };
      /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int).
       *
-      * Used for defining built-in integer script variables.
+      * Used for defining built-in 32 bit integer script variables.
       *
       * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
       * of type "int" (which on most systems is 32 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
-Line 210 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 496 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          VMIntRelPtr() {
              base   = NULL;
              offset = 0;
+             readonly = false;
          }
          VMIntRelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
              base   = data.base;
              offset = data.offset;
+             readonly = false;
          }
          virtual int evalInt() { return *(int*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset]; }
          virtual void assign(int i) { *(int*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = i; }
-Line 221 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 509 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int8_t).
       *
-      * Used for defining built-in integer script variables.
+      * Used for defining built-in 8 bit integer script variables.
       *
       * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
       * of type "int8_t" (8 bit integer). If the C/C++ int variable you want to
-Line 253 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 541 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /**
       * Convenience macro for initializing VMIntRelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr
-      * structures. Example:
+      * structures. Usage example:
       * @code
       * struct Foo {
-      *   uint8_t a;
+      *   uint8_t a; // native representation of a built-in integer script variable
-      *   int b;
+      *   int b; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
+      *   int c; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
+      *   uint8_t d; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
       * };
       *
-      * Foo foo1 = (Foo) { 1, 3000 };
+      * // initializing the built-in script variables to some values
-      * Foo foo2 = (Foo) { 2, 4000 };
+      * Foo foo1 = (Foo) { 1, 2000, 3000, 4 };
+      * Foo foo2 = (Foo) { 5, 6000, 7000, 8 };
       *
       * Foo* pFoo;
       *
-      * VMInt8RelPtr var1 = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, a);
+      * VMInt8RelPtr varA = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, a);
-      * VMIntRelPtr  var2 = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, b);
+      * VMIntRelPtr  varB = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, b);
+      * VMIntRelPtr  varC = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, c);
+      * VMInt8RelPtr varD = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, d);
       *
       * pFoo = &foo1;
-      * printf("%d\n", var1->evalInt()); // will print 1
+      * printf("%d\n", varA->evalInt()); // will print 1
-      * printf("%d\n", var2->evalInt()); // will print 3000
+      * printf("%d\n", varB->evalInt()); // will print 2000
+      * printf("%d\n", varC->evalInt()); // will print 3000
+      * printf("%d\n", varD->evalInt()); // will print 4
+      *
+      * // same printf() code, just with pFoo pointer being changed ...
       *
       * pFoo = &foo2;
-      * printf("%d\n", var1->evalInt()); // will print 2
+      * printf("%d\n", varA->evalInt()); // will print 5
-      * printf("%d\n", var2->evalInt()); // will print 4000
+      * printf("%d\n", varB->evalInt()); // will print 6000
+      * printf("%d\n", varC->evalInt()); // will print 7000
+      * printf("%d\n", varD->evalInt()); // will print 8
       * @endcode
+      * As you can see above, by simply changing one single pointer, you can
+      * remap a huge bunch of built-in integer script variables to completely
+      * different native values/native variables. Which especially reduces code
+      * complexity inside the sampler engines which provide the actual script
+      * functionalities.
       */
      #define DECLARE_VMINT(basePtr, T_struct, T_member) ( \
          (VMRelPtr) {                                     \
              (void**) &basePtr,                           \
-             offsetof(T_struct, T_member)                 \
+             offsetof(T_struct, T_member),                \
+             false                                        \
          }                                                \
      )                                                    \
+     /**
+      * Same as DECLARE_VMINT(), but this one defines the VMIntRelPtr and
+      * VMInt8RelPtr structures to be of read-only type. That means the script
+      * parser will abort any script at parser time if the script is trying to
+      * modify such a read-only built-in variable.
+      *
+      * @b NOTE: this is only intended for built-in read-only variables that
+      * may change during runtime! If your built-in variable's data is rather
+      * already available at parser time and won't change during runtime, then
+      * you should rather register a built-in constant in your VM class instead!
+      *
+      * @see ScriptVM::builtInConstIntVariables()
+      */
+     #define DECLARE_VMINT_READONLY(basePtr, T_struct, T_member) ( \
+         (VMRelPtr) {                                          \
+             (void**) &basePtr,                                \
+             offsetof(T_struct, T_member),                     \
+             true                                              \
+         }                                                     \
+     )                                                         \
      /** @brief Built-in VM 8 bit integer array variable.
       *
-      * Used for defining built-in integer array script variables.
+      * Used for defining built-in integer array script variables (8 bit per
+      * array element). Currently there is no support for any other kind of array
+      * type. So all integer arrays of scripts use 8 bit data types.
       */
      struct VMInt8Array {
          int8_t* data;
-Line 295 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 623 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          VMInt8Array() : data(NULL), size(0) {}
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine script variable.
+      *
+      * Common interface for all variables accessed in scripts.
+      */
+     class VMVariable : virtual public VMExpr {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Whether a script may modify the content of this variable by
+          * assigning a new value to it.
+          *
+          * @see isConstExpr(), assign()
+          */
+         virtual bool isAssignable() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * In case this variable is assignable, this method will be called to
+          * perform the value assignment to this variable with @a expr
+          * reflecting the new value to be assigned.
+          *
+          * @param expr - new value to be assigned to this variable
+          */
+         virtual void assignExpr(VMExpr* expr) = 0;
+     };
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (abstract base class).
+      *
+      * Interface for the implementation of a dynamically generated content of
+      * a built-in script variable. Most built-in variables are simply pointers
+      * to some native location in memory. So when a script reads them, the
+      * memory location is simply read to get the value of the variable. A
+      * dynamic variable however is not simply a memory location. For each access
+      * to a dynamic variable some native code is executed to actually generate
+      * and provide the content (value) of this type of variable.
+      */
+     class VMDynVar : public VMVariable {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns true in case this dynamic variable can be considered to be a
+          * constant expression. A constant expression will retain the same value
+          * throughout the entire life time of a script and the expression's
+          * constant value may be evaluated already at script parse time, which
+          * may result in performance benefits during script runtime.
+          *
+          * However due to the "dynamic" behavior of dynamic variables, almost
+          * all dynamic variables are probably not constant expressions. That's
+          * why this method returns @c false by default. If you are really sure
+          * that your dynamic variable implementation can be considered a
+          * constant expression then you may override this method and return
+          * @c true instead. Note that when you return @c true here, your
+          * dynamic variable will really just be executed once; and exectly
+          * already when the script is loaded!
+          *
+          * As an example you may implement a "constant" built-in dynamic
+          * variable that checks for a certain operating system feature and
+          * returns the result of that OS feature check as content (value) of
+          * this dynamic variable. Since the respective OS feature might become
+          * available/unavailable after OS updates, software migration, etc. the
+          * OS feature check should at least be performed once each time the
+          * application is launched. And since the OS feature check might take a
+          * certain amount of execution time, it might make sense to only
+          * perform the check if the respective variable name is actually
+          * referenced at all in the script to be loaded. Note that the dynamic
+          * variable will still be evaluated again though if the script is
+          * loaded again. So it is up to you to probably cache the result in the
+          * implementation of your dynamic variable.
+          *
+          * On doubt, please rather consider to use a constant built-in script
+          * variable instead of implementing a "constant" dynamic variable, due
+          * to the runtime overhead a dynamic variable may cause.
+          *
+          * @see isAssignable()
+          */
+         bool isConstExpr() const OVERRIDE { return false; }
+         /**
+          * In case this dynamic variable is assignable, the new value (content)
+          * to be assigned to this dynamic variable.
+          *
+          * By default this method does nothing. Override and implement this
+          * method in your subclass in case your dynamic variable allows to
+          * assign a new value by script.
+          *
+          * @param expr - new value to be assigned to this variable
+          */
+         void assignExpr(VMExpr* expr) OVERRIDE {}
+     };
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (of integer data type).
+      *
+      * This is the base class for all built-in integer script variables whose
+      * variable content needs to be provided dynamically by executable native
+      * code on each script variable access.
+      */
+     class VMDynIntVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMIntExpr {
+     public:
+     };
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (of string data type).
+      *
+      * This is the base class for all built-in string script variables whose
+      * variable content needs to be provided dynamically by executable native
+      * code on each script variable access.
+      */
+     class VMDynStringVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMStringExpr {
+     public:
+     };
      /** @brief Provider for built-in script functions and variables.
       *
-      * Abstract base class defining the interface for all classes which add and
+      * Abstract base class defining the high-level interface for all classes
-      * implement built-in script functions and built-in script variables.
+      * which add and implement built-in script functions and built-in script
+      * variables.
       */
      class VMFunctionProvider {
      public:
          /**
           * Returns pointer to the built-in function with the given function
-          * name, or NULL if there is no built-in function with that name.
+          * @a name, or NULL if there is no built-in function with that function
+          * name.
           *
-          * @param name - function name
+          * @param name - function name (i.e. "wait" or "message" or "exit", etc.)
           */
          virtual VMFunction* functionByName(const String& name) = 0;
          /**
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script variables
-          * which point to native "int" (usually 32 bit) variables.
+          * which point to native "int" scalar (usually 32 bit) variables.
           */
          virtual std::map<String,VMIntRelPtr*> builtInIntVariables() = 0;
          /**
-          * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script variables
+          * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script integer
-          * which point to native "int8_t" (8 bit) variables.
+          * array variables with array element type "int8_t" (8 bit).
           */
          virtual std::map<String,VMInt8Array*> builtInIntArrayVariables() = 0;
-Line 327 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 764 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * variables, which never change their value at runtime.
           */
          virtual std::map<String,int> builtInConstIntVariables() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in dynamic variables,
+          * which are not simply data stores, rather each one of them executes
+          * natively to provide or alter the respective script variable data.
+          */
+         virtual std::map<String,VMDynVar*> builtInDynamicVariables() = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Execution state of a virtual machine.
-Line 334 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 778 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * An instance of this abstract base class represents exactly one execution
       * state of a virtual machine. This encompasses most notably the VM
       * execution stack, and VM polyphonic variables. It does not contain global
-      * variable. Global variables are contained in the VMParserContext object.
+      * variables. Global variables are contained in the VMParserContext object.
       * You might see a VMExecContext object as one virtual thread of the virtual
       * machine.
       *
-Line 347 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 791 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      class VMExecContext {
      public:
          virtual ~VMExecContext() {}
+         /**
+          * In case the script was suspended for some reason, this method returns
+          * the amount of microseconds before the script shall continue its
+          * execution. Note that the virtual machine itself does never put its
+          * own execution thread(s) to sleep. So the respective class (i.e. sampler
+          * engine) which is using the virtual machine classes here, must take
+          * care by itself about taking time stamps, determining the script
+          * handlers that shall be put aside for the requested amount of
+          * microseconds, indicated by this method by comparing the time stamps in
+          * real-time, and to continue passing the respective handler to
+          * ScriptVM::exec() as soon as its suspension exceeded, etc. Or in other
+          * words: all classes in this directory never have an idea what time it
+          * is.
+          *
+          * You should check the return value of ScriptVM::exec() to determine
+          * whether the script was actually suspended before calling this method
+          * here.
+          *
+          * @see ScriptVM::exec()
+          */
          virtual int suspensionTimeMicroseconds() const = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Script callback for a certain event.
       *
       * Represents a script callback for a certain event, i.e.
-      * "on note ... end on".
+      * "on note ... end on" code block.
       */
      class VMEventHandler {
      public:
          /**
+          * Type of this event handler, which identifies its purpose. For example
+          * for a "on note ... end on" script callback block,
+          * @c VM_EVENT_HANDLER_NOTE would be returned here.
+          */
+         virtual VMEventHandlerType_t eventHandlerType() const = 0;
+         /**
           * Name of the event handler which identifies its purpose. For example
           * for a "on note ... end on" script callback block, the name "note"
           * would be returned here.
-Line 371 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 843 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual bool isPolyphonic() const = 0;
      };
+     /**
+      * Encapsulates a noteworty parser issue. This encompasses the type of the
+      * issue (either a parser error or parser warning), a human readable
+      * explanation text of the error or warning and the location of the
+      * encountered parser issue within the script.
+      */
      struct ParserIssue {
-         String txt;
+         String txt; ///< Human readable explanation text of the parser issue.
-         int line;
+         int firstLine; ///< The first line number within the script where this issue was encountered (indexed with 1 being the very first line).
-         ParserIssueType_t type;
+         int lastLine; ///< The last line number within the script where this issue was encountered.
+         int firstColumn; ///< The first column within the script where this issue was encountered (indexed with 1 being the very first column).
+         int lastColumn; ///< The last column within the script where this issue was encountered.
+         ParserIssueType_t type; ///< Whether this issue is either a parser error or just a parser warning.
+         /**
+          * Print this issue out to the console (stdio).
+          */
          inline void dump() {
              switch (type) {
                  case PARSER_ERROR:
-                     printf("[ERROR] line %d: %s\n", line, txt.c_str());
+                     printf("[ERROR] line %d, column %d: %s\n", firstLine, firstColumn, txt.c_str());
                      break;
                  case PARSER_WARNING:
-                     printf("[Warning] line %d: %s\n", line, txt.c_str());
+                     printf("[Warning] line %d, column %d: %s\n", firstLine, firstColumn, txt.c_str());
                      break;
              }
          }
+         /**
+          * Returns true if this issue is a parser error. In this case the parsed
+          * script may not be executed!
+          */
          inline bool isErr() const { return type == PARSER_ERROR;   }
+         /**
+          * Returns true if this issue is just a parser warning. A parsed script
+          * that only raises warnings may be executed if desired, however the
+          * script may not behave exactly as intended by the script author.
+          */
          inline bool isWrn() const { return type == PARSER_WARNING; }
      };
+     /**
+      * Convenience function used for converting an ExprType_t constant to a
+      * string, i.e. for generating error message by the parser.
+      */
      inline String typeStr(const ExprType_t& type) {
          switch (type) {
              case EMPTY_EXPR: return "empty";
-Line 405 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 903 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Virtual machine representation of a script.
       *
       * An instance of this abstract base class represents a parsed script,
-      * translated into a virtual machine. You should first check if there were
+      * translated into a virtual machine tree. You should first check if there
-      * any parser errors. If there were any parser errors, you should refrain
+      * were any parser errors. If there were any parser errors, you should
-      * from executing the virtual machine. Otherwise if there were no parser
+      * refrain from executing the virtual machine. Otherwise if there were no
-      * errors (i.e. only warnings), then you might access one of the script's
+      * parser errors (i.e. only warnings), then you might access one of the
-      * event handlers by i.e. calling eventHandlerByName() and pass the
+      * script's event handlers by i.e. calling eventHandlerByName() and pass the
-      * respective event handler to the ScriptVM class (or to one of its
+      * respective event handler to the ScriptVM class (or to one of the ScriptVM
       * descendants) for execution.
       *
-      * @see VMExecContext
+      * @see VMExecContext, ScriptVM
       */
      class VMParserContext {
      public:
          virtual ~VMParserContext() {}
+         /**
+          * Returns all noteworthy issues encountered when the script was parsed.
+          * These are parser errors and parser warnings.
+          */
          virtual std::vector<ParserIssue> issues() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Same as issues(), but this method only returns parser errors.
+          */
          virtual std::vector<ParserIssue> errors() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Same as issues(), but this method only returns parser warnings.
+          */
          virtual std::vector<ParserIssue> warnings() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the translated virtual machine representation of an event
+          * handler block (i.e. "on note ... end on" code block) within the
+          * parsed script. This translated representation of the event handler
+          * can be executed by the virtual machine.
+          *
+          * @param index - index of the event handler within the script
+          */
          virtual VMEventHandler* eventHandler(uint index) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Same as eventHandler(), but this method returns the event handler by
+          * its name. So for a "on note ... end on" code block of the parsed
+          * script you would pass "note" for argument @a name here.
+          *
+          * @param name - name of the event handler (i.e. "init", "note",
+          *               "controller", "release")
+          */
          virtual VMEventHandler* eventHandlerByName(const String& name) = 0;
      };
+     class SourceToken;
+     /** @brief Recognized token of a script's source code.
+      *
+      * Represents one recognized token of a script's source code, for example
+      * a keyword, variable name, etc. and it provides further informations about
+      * that particular token, i.e. the precise location (line and column) of the
+      * token within the original script's source code.
+      *
+      * This class is not actually used by the sampler itself. It is rather
+      * provided for external script editor applications. Primary purpose of
+      * this class is syntax highlighting for external script editors.
+      */
+     class VMSourceToken {
+     public:
+         VMSourceToken();
+         VMSourceToken(SourceToken* ct);
+         VMSourceToken(const VMSourceToken& other);
+         virtual ~VMSourceToken();
+         // original text of this token as it is in the script's source code
+         String text() const;
+         // position of token in script
+         int firstLine() const; ///< First line this source token is located at in script source code (indexed with 0 being the very first line).
+         int firstColumn() const; ///< Last line this source token is located at in script source code.
+         // base types
+         bool isEOF() const;
+         bool isNewLine() const;
+         bool isKeyword() const;
+         bool isVariableName() const;
+         bool isIdentifier() const;
+         bool isNumberLiteral() const;
+         bool isStringLiteral() const;
+         bool isComment() const;
+         bool isPreprocessor() const;
+         bool isOther() const;
+         // extended types
+         bool isIntegerVariable() const;
+         bool isStringVariable() const;
+         bool isArrayVariable() const;
+         bool isEventHandlerName() const;
+         VMSourceToken& operator=(const VMSourceToken& other);
+     private:
+         SourceToken* m_token;
+     };
  } // namespace LinuxSampler
  #endif // LS_INSTR_SCRIPT_PARSER_COMMON_H

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