/[svn]/linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

Diff of /linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

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-revision 3551 by schoenebeck,
Thu Aug  1 10:22:56 2019 UTC
+revision 3577 by schoenebeck,
Wed Aug 28 15:23:23 2019 UTC
 Line 23
  namespace LinuxSampler {
      /**
+      * Native data type used by the script engine both internally, as well as
+      * for all integer data types used by scripts (i.e. for all $foo variables
+      * in NKSP scripts). Note that this is different from the original KSP which
+      * is limited to 32 bit for integer variables in KSP scripts.
+      */
+     typedef int64_t vmint;
+     /**
+      * Native data type used internally by the script engine for all unsigned
+      * integer types. This type is currently not exposed to scripts.
+      */
+     typedef uint64_t vmuint;
+     /**
+      * Native data type used by the script engine both internally for floating
+      * point data, as well as for all @c real data types used by scripts (i.e.
+      * for all ~foo variables in NKSP scripts).
+      */
+     typedef float vmfloat;
+     /**
       * Identifies the type of a noteworthy issue identified by the script
       * parser. That's either a parser error or parser warning.
       */
-Line 44 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 65 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          INT_ARR_EXPR, ///< integer array expression
          STRING_EXPR, ///< string expression
          STRING_ARR_EXPR, ///< string array expression
+         REAL_EXPR, ///< floating point (scalar) expression
+         REAL_ARR_EXPR, ///< floating point array expression
      };
      /** @brief Result flags of a script statement or script function call.
-Line 81 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 104 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * Identifies one of the possible event handler callback types defined by
       * the NKSP script language.
+      *
+      * IMPORTANT: this type is forced to be emitted as int32_t type ATM, because
+      * that's the native size expected by the built-in instrument script
+      * variable bindings (see occurrences of VMInt32RelPtr and DECLARE_VMINT
+      * respectively. A native type mismatch between the two could lead to
+      * undefined behavior! Background: By definition the C/C++ compiler is free
+      * to choose a bit size for individual enums which it might find
+      * appropriate, which is usually decided by the compiler according to the
+      * biggest enum constant value defined (in practice it is usually 32 bit).
       */
-     enum VMEventHandlerType_t {
+     enum VMEventHandlerType_t : int32_t {
          VM_EVENT_HANDLER_INIT, ///< Initilization event handler, that is script's "on init ... end on" code block.
          VM_EVENT_HANDLER_NOTE, ///< Note event handler, that is script's "on note ... end on" code block.
          VM_EVENT_HANDLER_RELEASE, ///< Release event handler, that is script's "on release ... end on" code block.
          VM_EVENT_HANDLER_CONTROLLER, ///< Controller event handler, that is script's "on controller ... end on" code block.
      };
+     /**
+      * All metric unit prefixes (actually just scale factors) supported by this
+      * script engine.
+      */
+     enum MetricPrefix_t {
+         VM_NO_PREFIX = 0, ///< = 1
+         VM_KILO,          ///< = 10^3, short 'k'
+         VM_HECTO,         ///< = 10^2, short 'h'
+         VM_DECA,          ///< = 10, short 'da'
+         VM_DECI,          ///< = 10^-1, short 'd'
+         VM_CENTI,         ///< = 10^-2, short 'c' (this is also used for tuning "cents")
+         VM_MILLI,         ///< = 10^-3, short 'm'
+         VM_MICRO,         ///< = 10^-6, short 'u'
+     };
+     /**
+      * All measurement unit types supported by this script engine.
+      *
+      * @e Note: there is no standard unit "cents" here (for pitch/tuning), use
+      * @c VM_CENTI for the latter instad. That's because the commonly cited
+      * "cents" unit is actually no measurement unit type but rather a metric
+      * unit prefix.
+      *
+      * @see MetricPrefix_t
+      */
+     enum StdUnit_t {
+         VM_NO_UNIT = 0, ///< No unit used, the number is just an abstract number.
+         VM_SECOND,      ///< Measuring time.
+         VM_HERTZ,       ///< Measuring frequency.
+         VM_BEL,         ///< Measuring relation between two energy levels (in logarithmic scale). Since we are using it for accoustics, we are always referring to A-weighted Bels (i.e. dBA).
+     };
      // just symbol prototyping
      class VMIntExpr;
+     class VMRealExpr;
      class VMStringExpr;
+     class VMScalarNumberExpr;
      class VMIntArrayExpr;
+     class VMRealArrayExpr;
      class VMStringArrayExpr;
      class VMParserContext;
+     /** @brief Virtual machine measuring unit.
+      *
+      * Abstract base class representing standard measurement units throughout
+      * the script engine. These might be i.e. "dB" (deci Bel) for loudness,
+      * "Hz" (Hertz) for frequencies or "s" for "seconds".
+      *
+      * Originally the script engine only supported abstract integer values for
+      * controlling any synthesis parameter or built-in function argument or
+      * variable. Under certain situations it makes sense though for an
+      * instrument script author to provide values in real, standard measurement
+      * units, for example setting the frequency of some LFO directly to "20Hz".
+      * Hence support for standard units in scripts was added as an extension to
+      * the NKSP script engine.
+      */
+     class VMUnit {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the metric prefix of this unit. A metric prefix essentially
+          * is just a mathematical scale factor that should be applied to the
+          * number associated with the measurement unit. Usually a unit either
+          * has exactly none or one prefix, but note that there might also be
+          * units with more than one prefix, for example mdB (mili deci bel)
+          * is used sometimes which has two prefixes. This is an exception though
+          * and more than two prefixes is currently not supported by the script
+          * engine.
+          *
+          * Start iterating over the prefixes of this unit by passing @c 0 as
+          * argument to this method. The prefixes are terminated with return
+          * value VM_NO_PREFIX being always the last element.
+          *
+          * @param i - index of prefix
+          * @returns prefix of requested index or VM_NO_PREFIX otherwise
+          * @see unitFactor()
+          */
+         virtual MetricPrefix_t unitPrefix(vmuint i) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Conveniently returns the final mathematical factor that should be
+          * multiplied against the number associated with this unit. This factor
+          * results from the sequence of metric prefixes of this unit.
+          *
+          * @see unitPrefix()
+          */
+         vmfloat unitFactor() const;
+         /**
+          * This is the actual fundamental measuring unit base type of this unit,
+          * which might be either Hertz, second or Bel.
+          *
+          * @returns standard unit type identifier or VM_NO_UNIT if no unit used
+          */
+         virtual StdUnit_t unitType() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the actual mathematical factor represented by the passed
+          * @a prefix argument.
+          */
+         static vmfloat unitFactor(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * Returns the actual mathematical factor represented by the passed
+          * two @a prefix1 and @a prefix2 arguments.
+          */
+         static vmfloat unitFactor(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+     };
      /** @brief Virtual machine expression
       *
       * This is the abstract base class for all expressions of scripts.
-Line 127 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 260 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * if this expression is i.e. actually a string expression like "12",
           * calling asInt() will @b not cast that numerical string expression to
           * an integer expression 12 for you, instead this method will simply
-          * return NULL!
+          * return NULL! Same applies if this expression is actually a real
+          * number expression: asInt() would return NULL in that case as well.
           *
-          * @see exprType()
+          * @see exprType(), asReal(), asScalarNumberExpr()
           */
          VMIntExpr* asInt() const;
          /**
+          * In case this expression is a real number (floating point) expression,
+          * then this method returns a casted pointer to that VMRealExpr object.
+          * It returns NULL if this expression is not a real number expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. actually a string expression like "12",
+          * calling asReal() will @b not cast that numerical string expression to
+          * a real number expression 12.0 for you, instead this method will
+          * simply return NULL! Same applies if this expression is actually an
+          * integer expression: asReal() would return NULL in that case as well.
+          *
+          * @see exprType(), asInt(), asScalarNumberExpr()
+          */
+         VMRealExpr* asReal() const;
+         /**
+          * In case this expression is a scalar number expression, that is either
+          * an integer (scalar) expression or a real number (floating point
+          * scalar) expression, then this method returns a casted pointer to that
+          * VMScalarNumberExpr base class object. It returns NULL if this
+          * expression is neither an integer (scalar), nor a real number (scalar)
+          * expression.
+          *
+          * Since the methods asInt() and asReal() are very strict, this method
+          * is provided as convenience access in case only very general
+          * information (e.g. which standard measurement unit is being used or
+          * whether final operator being effective to this expression) is
+          * intended to be retrieved of this scalar number expression independent
+          * from whether this expression is actually an integer or a real number
+          * expression.
+          *
+          * @see exprType(), asInt(), asReal()
+          */
+         VMScalarNumberExpr* asScalarNumberExpr() const;
+         /**
           * In case this expression is a string expression, then this method
           * returns a casted pointer to that VMStringExpr object. It returns NULL
           * if this expression is not a string expression.
-Line 154 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 324 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * returns NULL if this expression is not an integer array expression.
           *
           * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
-          * if this expression is i.e. an integer expression or a string
+          * if this expression is i.e. an integer scalar expression, a real
-          * expression, calling asIntArray() will @b not cast those scalar
+          * number expression or a string expression, calling asIntArray() will
-          * expressions to an array expression for you, instead this method will
+          * @b not cast those expressions to an integer array expression for you,
-          * simply return NULL!
+          * instead this method will simply return NULL!
           *
           * @b Note: this method is currently, and in contrast to its other
           * counter parts, declared as virtual method. Some deriving classes are
-Line 172 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 342 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual VMIntArrayExpr* asIntArray() const;
          /**
+          * In case this expression is a real number (floating point) array
+          * expression, then this method returns a casted pointer to that
+          * VMRealArrayExpr object. It returns NULL if this expression is not a
+          * real number array expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. a real number scalar expression, an
+          * integer expression or a string expression, calling asRealArray() will
+          * @b not cast those scalar expressions to a real number array
+          * expression for you, instead this method will simply return NULL!
+          *
+          * @b Note: this method is currently, and in contrast to its other
+          * counter parts, declared as virtual method. Some deriving classes are
+          * currently using this to override this default implementation in order
+          * to implement an "evaluate now as real number array" behavior. This
+          * has efficiency reasons, however this also currently makes this part
+          * of the API less clean and should thus be addressed in future with
+          * appropriate changes to the API.
+          *
+          * @see exprType()
+          */
+         virtual VMRealArrayExpr* asRealArray() const;
+         /**
           * Returns true in case this expression can be considered to be a
           * constant expression. A constant expression will retain the same
           * value throughout the entire life time of a script and the
-Line 202 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 396 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          bool isModifyable() const;
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine scalar number expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for integer (scalar) expressions and
+      * real number (floating point scalar) expressions of scripts.
+      */
+     class VMScalarNumberExpr : virtual public VMExpr, virtual public VMUnit {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns @c true if the value of this expression should be applied
+          * as final value to the respective destination synthesis chain
+          * parameter.
+          *
+          * This property is somewhat special and dedicated for the purpose of
+          * this expression's (integer or real number) value to be applied as
+          * parameter to the synthesis chain of the sampler (i.e. for altering a
+          * filter cutoff frequency). Now historically and by default all values
+          * of scripts are applied relatively to the sampler's synthesis chain,
+          * that is the synthesis parameter value of a script is multiplied
+          * against other sources for the same synthesis parameter (i.e. an LFO
+          * or a dedicated MIDI controller either hard wired in the engine or
+          * defined by the instrument patch). So by default the resulting actual
+          * final synthesis parameter is a combination of all these sources. This
+          * has the advantage that it creates a very living and dynamic overall
+          * sound.
+          *
+          * However sometimes there are requirements by script authors where this
+          * is not what you want. Therefore the NKSP script engine added a
+          * language extension by prefixing a value in scripts with a @c !
+          * character the value will be defined as being the "final" value of the
+          * destination synthesis parameter, so that causes this value to be
+          * applied exclusively, and the values of all other sources are thus
+          * entirely ignored by the sampler's synthesis core as long as this
+          * value is assigned by the script engine as "final" value for the
+          * requested synthesis parameter.
+          */
+         virtual bool isFinal() const = 0;
+     };
      /** @brief Virtual machine integer expression
       *
       * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
-Line 209 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 441 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * abstract method evalInt() to return the actual integer result value of
       * the expression.
       */
-     class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMExpr {
+     class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMScalarNumberExpr {
      public:
          /**
           * Returns the result of this expression as integer (scalar) value.
           * This abstract method must be implemented by deriving classes.
           */
-         virtual int evalInt() = 0;
+         virtual vmint evalInt() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the result of this expression as integer (scalar) value and
+          * thus behaves similar to the previous method, however this overridden
+          * method automatically takes unit prefixes into account and returns a
+          * value corresponding to the expected given unit @a prefix.
+          *
+          * @param prefix - default measurement unit prefix expected by caller
+          */
+         vmint evalInt(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * This method behaves like the previous method, just that it takes
+          * a default measurement prefix with two elements (i.e. "milli cents"
+          * for tuning).
+          */
+         vmint evalInt(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
          /**
           * Returns always INT_EXPR for instances of this class.
-Line 223 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 472 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_EXPR; }
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine real number (floating point scalar) expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to a real number (floating point scalar) value. Deriving classes
+      * implement the abstract method evalReal() to return the actual floating
+      * point result value of the expression.
+      */
+     class VMRealExpr : virtual public VMScalarNumberExpr {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the result of this expression as real number (floating point
+          * scalar) value. This abstract method must be implemented by deriving
+          * classes.
+          */
+         virtual vmfloat evalReal() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the result of this expression as real number (floating point
+          * scalar) value and thus behaves similar to the previous method,
+          * however this overridden method automatically takes unit prefixes into
+          * account and returns a value corresponding to the expected given unit
+          * @a prefix.
+          *
+          * @param prefix - default measurement unit prefix expected by caller
+          */
+         vmfloat evalReal(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * This method behaves like the previous method, just that it takes
+          * a default measurement prefix with two elements (i.e. "milli cents"
+          * for tuning).
+          */
+         vmfloat evalReal(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+         /**
+          * Returns always REAL_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return REAL_EXPR; }
+     };
      /** @brief Virtual machine string expression
       *
       * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
-Line 257 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 546 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns amount of elements in this array. This abstract method must
           * be implemented by deriving classes.
           */
-         virtual int arraySize() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint arraySize() const = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Virtual Machine Integer Array Expression
-Line 275 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 564 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           *
           * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
           */
-         virtual int evalIntElement(uint i) = 0;
+         virtual vmint evalIntElement(vmuint i) = 0;
          /**
           * Changes the current value of an element (given by array element
-Line 284 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 573 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
           * @param value - new integer scalar value to be assigned to that array element
           */
-         virtual void assignIntElement(uint i, int value) = 0;
+         virtual void assignIntElement(vmuint i, vmint value) = 0;
          /**
           * Returns always INT_ARR_EXPR for instances of this class.
-Line 292 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 581 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_ARR_EXPR; }
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual Machine Real Number Array Expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to an array of real numbers (floating point values). Deriving
+      * classes implement the abstract methods arraySize(), evalRealElement() and
+      * assignRealElement() to access the array's individual real numbers.
+      */
+     class VMRealArrayExpr : virtual public VMArrayExpr {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the (scalar) real mumber (floating point value) of the array
+          * element given by element index @a i.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          */
+         virtual vmfloat evalRealElement(vmuint i) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Changes the current value of an element (given by array element
+          * index @a i) of this real number array.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          * @param value - new real number value to be assigned to that array element
+          */
+         virtual void assignRealElement(vmuint i, vmfloat value) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns always REAL_ARR_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return REAL_ARR_EXPR; }
+     };
      /** @brief Arguments (parameters) for being passed to a built-in script function.
       *
       * An argument or a set of arguments passed to a script function are
-Line 306 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 627 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns the amount of arguments going to be passed to the script
           * function.
           */
-         virtual int argsCount() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint argsCount() const = 0;
          /**
           * Returns the respective argument (requested by argument index @a i) of
-Line 316 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 637 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           *
           * @param i - function argument index (indexed from left to right)
           */
-         virtual VMExpr* arg(int i) = 0;
+         virtual VMExpr* arg(vmint i) = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Result value returned from a call to a built-in script function.
-Line 372 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 693 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          /**
           * Script data type of the function's return value. If the function does
           * not return any value (void), then it returns EMPTY_EXPR here.
+          *
+          * Some functions may have a different return type depending on the
+          * arguments to be passed to this function. That's what the @a args
+          * parameter is for, so that the method implementation can look ahead
+          * of what kind of parameters are going to be passed to the built-in
+          * function later on in order to decide which return value type would
+          * be used and returned by the function accordingly in that case.
+          *
+          * @param args - function arguments going to be passed for executing
+          *               this built-in function later on
           */
-         virtual ExprType_t returnType() = 0;
+         virtual ExprType_t returnType(VMFnArgs* args) = 0;
          /**
           * Minimum amount of function arguments this function accepts. If a
           * script is calling this function with less arguments, the script
           * parser will throw a parser error.
           */
-         virtual int minRequiredArgs() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint minRequiredArgs() const = 0;
          /**
           * Maximum amount of function arguments this functions accepts. If a
           * script is calling this function with more arguments, the script
           * parser will throw a parser error.
           */
-         virtual int maxAllowedArgs() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint maxAllowedArgs() const = 0;
          /**
           * Script data type of the function's @c iArg 'th function argument.
-Line 403 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 734 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
           *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
           */
-         virtual ExprType_t argType(int iArg) const = 0;
+         virtual ExprType_t argType(vmint iArg) const = 0;
          /**
           * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
-Line 421 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 752 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @return true if the given data type would be accepted for the
           *         respective function argument by the function
           */
-         virtual bool acceptsArgType(int iArg, ExprType_t type) const = 0;
+         virtual bool acceptsArgType(vmint iArg, ExprType_t type) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
+          * a script calls this function with an argument's measuremnt unit type
+          * not accepted by this function, the parser will throw a parser error.
+          *
+          * This default implementation of this method does not accept any
+          * measurement unit. Deriving subclasses would override this method
+          * implementation in case they do accept any measurement unit for its
+          * function arguments.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          * @param type - standard measurement unit data type used for this
+          *               function argument by currently parsed script
+          * @return true if the given standard measurement unit type would be
+          *         accepted for the respective function argument by the function
+          */
+         virtual bool acceptsArgUnitType(vmint iArg, StdUnit_t type) const;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
+          * a script calls this function with a metric unit prefix and metric
+          * prefixes are not accepted for that argument by this function, then
+          * the parser will throw a parser error.
+          *
+          * This default implementation of this method does not accept any
+          * metric prefix. Deriving subclasses would override this method
+          * implementation in case they do accept any metric prefix for its
+          * function arguments.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          * @param type - standard measurement unit data type used for that
+          *               function argument by currently parsed script
+          *
+          * @return true if a metric prefix would be accepted for the respective
+          *         function argument by this function
+          *
+          * @see MetricPrefix_t
+          */
+         virtual bool acceptsArgUnitPrefix(vmint iArg, StdUnit_t type) const;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
+          * a script calls this function with an argument that is declared to be
+          * a "final" value and this is not accepted by this function, the parser
+          * will throw a parser error.
+          *
+          * This default implementation of this method does not accept a "final"
+          * value. Deriving subclasses would override this method implementation
+          * in case they do accept a "final" value for its function arguments.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          * @return true if a "final" value would be accepted for the respective
+          *         function argument by the function
+          *
+          * @see VMIntExpr::isFinal()
+          */
+         virtual bool acceptsArgFinal(vmint iArg) const;
          /**
           * This method is called by the parser to check whether some arguments
-Line 436 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 831 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
           *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
           */
-         virtual bool modifiesArg(int iArg) const = 0;
+         virtual bool modifiesArg(vmint iArg) const = 0;
          /**
           * Implements the actual function execution. This exec() method is
-Line 470 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 865 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Virtual machine relative pointer.
       *
-      * POD base of VMIntRelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures. Not intended to be
+      * POD base of VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures. Not
-      * used directly. Use VMIntRelPtr or VMInt8RelPtr instead.
+      * intended to be used directly. Use VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr,
+      * VMInt8RelPtr instead.
       *
-      * @see VMIntRelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr
+      * @see VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr
       */
      struct VMRelPtr {
          void** base; ///< Base pointer.
-         int offset;  ///< Offset (in bytes) relative to base pointer.
+         vmint offset;  ///< Offset (in bytes) relative to base pointer.
          bool readonly; ///< Whether the pointed data may be modified or just be read.
      };
-     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int).
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (interface class).
+      *
+      * This class acts as an abstract interface to all built-in integer script
+      * variables, independent of their actual native size (i.e. some built-in
+      * script variables are internally using a native int size of 64 bit or 32
+      * bit or 8 bit). The virtual machine is using this interface class instead
+      * of its implementing descendants (VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr,
+      * VMInt8RelPtr) in order for the virtual machine for not being required to
+      * handle each of them differently.
+      */
+     struct VMIntPtr {
+         virtual vmint evalInt() = 0;
+         virtual void assign(vmint i) = 0;
+         virtual bool isAssignable() const = 0;
+     };
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int64_t).
+      *
+      * Used for defining built-in 64 bit integer script variables.
+      *
+      * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
+      * of type "int64_t" (thus being exactly 64 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
+      * variable you want to reference is only 32 bit in size then you @b must
+      * use VMInt32RelPtr instead! Respectively for a referenced native variable
+      * with only 8 bit in size you @b must use VMInt8RelPtr instead!
+      *
+      * For efficiency reasons the actual native C/C++ int variable is referenced
+      * by two components here. The actual native int C/C++ variable in memory
+      * is dereferenced at VM run-time by taking the @c base pointer dereference
+      * and adding @c offset bytes. This has the advantage that for a large
+      * number of built-in int variables, only one (or few) base pointer need
+      * to be re-assigned before running a script, instead of updating each
+      * built-in variable each time before a script is executed.
+      *
+      * Refer to DECLARE_VMINT() for example code.
+      *
+      * @see VMInt32RelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
+      */
+     struct VMInt64RelPtr : VMRelPtr, VMIntPtr {
+         VMInt64RelPtr() {
+             base   = NULL;
+             offset = 0;
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         VMInt64RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
+             base   = data.base;
+             offset = data.offset;
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         vmint evalInt() OVERRIDE {
+             return (vmint)*(int64_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
+         }
+         void assign(vmint i) OVERRIDE {
+             *(int64_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = (int64_t)i;
+         }
+         bool isAssignable() const OVERRIDE { return !readonly; }
+     };
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int32_t).
       *
       * Used for defining built-in 32 bit integer script variables.
       *
       * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
-      * of type "int" (which on most systems is 32 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
+      * of type "int32_t" (thus being exactly 32 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
-      * variable you want to reference is only 8 bit in size, then you @b must
+      * variable you want to reference is 64 bit in size then you @b must use
-      * use VMInt8RelPtr instead!
+      * VMInt64RelPtr instead! Respectively for a referenced native variable with
+      * only 8 bit in size you @b must use VMInt8RelPtr instead!
       *
       * For efficiency reasons the actual native C/C++ int variable is referenced
       * by two components here. The actual native int C/C++ variable in memory
-Line 500 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 955 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * Refer to DECLARE_VMINT() for example code.
       *
-      * @see VMInt8RelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
+      * @see VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
       */
-     struct VMIntRelPtr : VMRelPtr {
+     struct VMInt32RelPtr : VMRelPtr, VMIntPtr {
-         VMIntRelPtr() {
+         VMInt32RelPtr() {
              base   = NULL;
              offset = 0;
              readonly = false;
          }
-         VMIntRelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
+         VMInt32RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
              base   = data.base;
              offset = data.offset;
              readonly = false;
          }
-         virtual int evalInt() { return *(int*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset]; }
+         vmint evalInt() OVERRIDE {
-         virtual void assign(int i) { *(int*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = i; }
+             return (vmint)*(int32_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
+         }
+         void assign(vmint i) OVERRIDE {
+             *(int32_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = (int32_t)i;
+         }
+         bool isAssignable() const OVERRIDE { return !readonly; }
      };
      /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int8_t).
-Line 523 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 983 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
       * of type "int8_t" (8 bit integer). If the C/C++ int variable you want to
-      * reference is an "int" type (which is 32 bit on most systems), then you
+      * reference is not exactly 8 bit in size then you @b must respectively use
-      * @b must use VMIntRelPtr instead!
+      * either VMInt32RelPtr for native 32 bit variables or VMInt64RelPtrl for
+      * native 64 bit variables instead!
       *
       * For efficiency reasons the actual native C/C++ int variable is referenced
       * by two components here. The actual native int C/C++ variable in memory
-Line 536 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 997 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * Refer to DECLARE_VMINT() for example code.
       *
-      * @see VMIntRelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
+      * @see VMIntRel32Ptr, VMIntRel64Ptr, DECLARE_VMINT()
       */
-     struct VMInt8RelPtr : VMIntRelPtr {
+     struct VMInt8RelPtr : VMRelPtr, VMIntPtr {
-         VMInt8RelPtr() : VMIntRelPtr() {}
+         VMInt8RelPtr() {
-         VMInt8RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) : VMIntRelPtr(data) {}
+             base   = NULL;
-         virtual int evalInt() OVERRIDE {
+             offset = 0;
-             return *(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         VMInt8RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
+             base   = data.base;
+             offset = data.offset;
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         vmint evalInt() OVERRIDE {
+             return (vmint)*(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
          }
-         virtual void assign(int i) OVERRIDE {
+         void assign(vmint i) OVERRIDE {
-             *(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = i;
+             *(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = (uint8_t)i;
          }
+         bool isAssignable() const OVERRIDE { return !readonly; }
      };
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type vmint).
+      *
+      * Use this typedef if the native variable to be pointed to is using the
+      * typedef vmint. If the native C/C++ variable to be pointed to is using
+      * another C/C++ type then better use one of VMInt64RelPtr or VMInt32RelPtr
+      * instead.
+      */
+     typedef VMInt64RelPtr VMIntRelPtr;
      #if HAVE_CXX_EMBEDDED_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTICS
      # define COMPILER_DISABLE_OFFSETOF_WARNING                    \
          _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")                            \
-Line 561 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1040 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      #endif
      /**
-      * Convenience macro for initializing VMIntRelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr
+      * Convenience macro for initializing VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr and
-      * structures. Usage example:
+      * VMInt8RelPtr structures. Usage example:
       * @code
       * struct Foo {
       *   uint8_t a; // native representation of a built-in integer script variable
-      *   int b; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
+      *   int64_t b; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
-      *   int c; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
+      *   int64_t c; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
       *   uint8_t d; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
       * };
       *
-Line 578 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1057 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * Foo* pFoo;
       *
       * VMInt8RelPtr varA = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, a);
-      * VMIntRelPtr  varB = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, b);
+      * VMInt64RelPtr varB = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, b);
-      * VMIntRelPtr  varC = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, c);
+      * VMInt64RelPtr varC = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, c);
       * VMInt8RelPtr varD = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, d);
       *
       * pFoo = &foo1;
-Line 614 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1093 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      )                                                             \
      /**
-      * Same as DECLARE_VMINT(), but this one defines the VMIntRelPtr and
+      * Same as DECLARE_VMINT(), but this one defines the VMInt64RelPtr,
-      * VMInt8RelPtr structures to be of read-only type. That means the script
+      * VMInt32RelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures to be of read-only type.
-      * parser will abort any script at parser time if the script is trying to
+      * That means the script parser will abort any script at parser time if the
-      * modify such a read-only built-in variable.
+      * script is trying to modify such a read-only built-in variable.
       *
       * @b NOTE: this is only intended for built-in read-only variables that
       * may change during runtime! If your built-in variable's data is rather
-Line 640 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1119 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Built-in VM 8 bit integer array variable.
       *
       * Used for defining built-in integer array script variables (8 bit per
-      * array element). Currently there is no support for any other kind of array
+      * array element). Currently there is no support for any other kind of
-      * type. So all integer arrays of scripts use 8 bit data types.
+      * built-in array type. So all built-in integer arrays accessed by scripts
+      * use 8 bit data types.
       */
      struct VMInt8Array {
          int8_t* data;
-         int size;
+         vmint size;
          bool readonly; ///< Whether the array data may be modified or just be read.
          VMInt8Array() : data(NULL), size(0), readonly(false) {}
-Line 653 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1133 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Virtual machine script variable.
       *
-      * Common interface for all variables accessed in scripts.
+      * Common interface for all variables accessed in scripts, independent of
+      * their precise data type.
       */
      class VMVariable : virtual public VMExpr {
      public:
-Line 674 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1155 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           */
          virtual void assignExpr(VMExpr* expr) = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (abstract base class).
       *
       * Interface for the implementation of a dynamically generated content of
-Line 748 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1229 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       */
      class VMDynIntVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMIntExpr {
      public:
+         MetricPrefix_t unitPrefix(vmuint i) const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_PREFIX; }
+         StdUnit_t unitType() const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_UNIT; }
+         bool isFinal() const OVERRIDE { return false; }
      };
      /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (of string data type).
-Line 809 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1293 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script variables
           * which point to native "int" scalar (usually 32 bit) variables.
           */
-         virtual std::map<String,VMIntRelPtr*> builtInIntVariables() = 0;
+         virtual std::map<String,VMIntPtr*> builtInIntVariables() = 0;
          /**
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script integer
-Line 821 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1305 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in constant script
           * variables, which never change their value at runtime.
           */
-         virtual std::map<String,int> builtInConstIntVariables() = 0;
+         virtual std::map<String,vmint> builtInConstIntVariables() = 0;
          /**
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in dynamic variables,
-Line 870 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1354 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           *
           * @see ScriptVM::exec()
           */
-         virtual int suspensionTimeMicroseconds() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint suspensionTimeMicroseconds() const = 0;
          /**
           * Causes all polyphonic variables to be reset to zero values. A
-Line 1027 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1511 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
              case EMPTY_EXPR: return "empty";
              case INT_EXPR: return "integer";
              case INT_ARR_EXPR: return "integer array";
+             case REAL_EXPR: return "real number";
+             case REAL_ARR_EXPR: return "real number array";
              case STRING_EXPR: return "string";
              case STRING_ARR_EXPR: return "string array";
          }
          return "invalid";
      }
+     /**
+      * Convenience function used for retrieving the data type of a script
+      * variable name being passed to this function.
+      *
+      * @param name - some script variable name (e.g. "$foo")
+      * @return variable's data type (e.g. INT_EXPR for example above)
+      */
+     inline ExprType_t exprTypeOfVarName(const String& name) {
+         if (name.empty()) return (ExprType_t) -1;
+         const char prefix = name[0];
+         switch (prefix) {
+             case '$': return INT_EXPR;
+             case '%': return INT_ARR_EXPR;
+             case '~': return REAL_EXPR;
+             case '?': return REAL_ARR_EXPR;
+             case '@': return STRING_EXPR;
+             case '!': return STRING_ARR_EXPR;
+         }
+         return (ExprType_t) -1;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns @c true in case the passed data type is some array data type.
+      */
+     inline bool isArray(const ExprType_t& type) {
+         return type == INT_ARR_EXPR || type == REAL_ARR_EXPR ||
+                type == STRING_ARR_EXPR;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns @c true in case the passed data type is some scalar number type
+      * (i.e. not an array and not a string).
+      */
+     inline bool isScalarNumber(const ExprType_t& type) {
+         return type == INT_EXPR || type == REAL_EXPR;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Convenience function used for converting an StdUnit_t constant to a
+      * string, i.e. for generating error message by the parser.
+      */
+     inline String unitTypeStr(const StdUnit_t& type) {
+         switch (type) {
+             case VM_NO_UNIT: return "none";
+             case VM_SECOND: return "seconds";
+             case VM_HERTZ: return "Hz";
+             case VM_BEL: return "Bel";
+         }
+         return "invalid";
+     }
      /** @brief Virtual machine representation of a script.
       *
       * An instance of this abstract base class represents a parsed script,
-Line 1132 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1669 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          bool isStringLiteral() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a string literal (i.e. "Some text").
          bool isComment() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a source code comment.
          bool isPreprocessor() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a preprocessor statement.
+         bool isMetricPrefix() const;
+         bool isStdUnit() const;
          bool isOther() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents anything else not covered by the token types mentioned above.
          // extended types
          bool isIntegerVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an integer variable name (i.e. "$someIntVariable").
+         bool isRealVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a floating point variable name (i.e. "~someRealVariable").
          bool isStringVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an string variable name (i.e. "\@someStringVariable").
-         bool isArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an array variable name (i.e. "%someArryVariable").
+         bool isIntArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an integer array variable name (i.e. "%someArrayVariable").
+         bool isRealArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a real number array variable name (i.e. "?someArrayVariable").
+         bool isArrayVariable() const DEPRECATED_API; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an @b integer array variable name (i.e. "%someArrayVariable"). @deprecated This method will be removed, use isIntArrayVariable() instead.
          bool isEventHandlerName() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an event handler name (i.e. "note", "release", "controller").
          VMSourceToken& operator=(const VMSourceToken& other);

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