/[svn]/linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

Diff of /linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

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-revision 2727 by schoenebeck,
Tue Mar 31 17:46:11 2015 UTC
+revision 3561 by schoenebeck,
Fri Aug 23 11:44:00 2019 UTC
 Line 1
  /*
-  * Copyright (c) 2014-2015 Christian Schoenebeck
+  * Copyright (c) 2014-2019 Christian Schoenebeck
   *
   * http://www.linuxsampler.org
   *
 Line 9
  // This header defines data types shared between the VM core implementation
  // (inside the current source directory) and other parts of the sampler
- // (located at other source directories).
+ // (located at other source directories). It also acts as public API of the
+ // Real-Time script engine for other applications.
  #ifndef LS_INSTR_SCRIPT_PARSER_COMMON_H
  #define LS_INSTR_SCRIPT_PARSER_COMMON_H
-Line 22
+Line 23
  namespace LinuxSampler {
      /**
+      * Native data type used by the script engine both internally, as well as
+      * for all integer data types used by scripts (i.e. for all $foo variables
+      * in NKSP scripts). Note that this is different from the original KSP which
+      * is limited to 32 bit for integer variables in KSP scripts.
+      */
+     typedef int64_t vmint;
+     /**
+      * Native data type used internally by the script engine for all unsigned
+      * integer types. This type is currently not exposed to scripts.
+      */
+     typedef uint64_t vmuint;
+     /**
+      * Native data type used internally by the script engine for floating point
+      * data types. This type is currently not exposed to scripts.
+      */
+     typedef float vmfloat;
+     /**
       * Identifies the type of a noteworthy issue identified by the script
       * parser. That's either a parser error or parser warning.
       */
-Line 76 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 97 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          VM_EXEC_ERROR = (1<<2), ///< A runtime error occurred while executing the script (i.e. a call to some built-in script function failed).
      };
+     /** @brief Script event handler type.
+      *
+      * Identifies one of the possible event handler callback types defined by
+      * the NKSP script language.
+      *
+      * IMPORTANT: this type is forced to be emitted as int32_t type ATM, because
+      * that's the native size expected by the built-in instrument script
+      * variable bindings (see occurrences of VMInt32RelPtr and DECLARE_VMINT
+      * respectively. A native type mismatch between the two could lead to
+      * undefined behavior! Background: By definition the C/C++ compiler is free
+      * to choose a bit size for individual enums which it might find
+      * appropriate, which is usually decided by the compiler according to the
+      * biggest enum constant value defined (in practice it is usually 32 bit).
+      */
+     enum VMEventHandlerType_t : int32_t {
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_INIT, ///< Initilization event handler, that is script's "on init ... end on" code block.
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_NOTE, ///< Note event handler, that is script's "on note ... end on" code block.
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_RELEASE, ///< Release event handler, that is script's "on release ... end on" code block.
+         VM_EVENT_HANDLER_CONTROLLER, ///< Controller event handler, that is script's "on controller ... end on" code block.
+     };
+     /**
+      * All metric unit prefixes (actually just scale factors) supported by this
+      * script engine.
+      */
+     enum MetricPrefix_t {
+         VM_NO_PREFIX = 0, ///< = 1
+         VM_KILO,          ///< = 10^3, short 'k'
+         VM_HECTO,         ///< = 10^2, short 'h'
+         VM_DECA,          ///< = 10, short 'da'
+         VM_DECI,          ///< = 10^-1, short 'd'
+         VM_CENTI,         ///< = 10^-2, short 'c' (this is also used for tuning "cents")
+         VM_MILLI,         ///< = 10^-3, short 'm'
+         VM_MICRO,         ///< = 10^-6, short 'u'
+     };
+     /**
+      * All measurement unit types supported by this script engine.
+      *
+      * @e Note: there is no standard unit "cents" here (for pitch/tuning), use
+      * @c VM_CENTI for the latter instad. That's because the commonly cited
+      * "cents" unit is actually no measurement unit type but rather a metric
+      * unit prefix.
+      *
+      * @see MetricPrefix_t
+      */
+     enum StdUnit_t {
+         VM_NO_UNIT = 0, ///< No unit used, the number is just an abstract number.
+         VM_SECOND,      ///< Measuring time.
+         VM_HERTZ,       ///< Measuring frequency.
+         VM_BEL,         ///< Measuring relation between two energy levels (in logarithmic scale). Since we are using it for accoustics, we are always referring to A-weighted Bels (i.e. dBA).
+     };
      // just symbol prototyping
      class VMIntExpr;
      class VMStringExpr;
      class VMIntArrayExpr;
      class VMStringArrayExpr;
+     class VMParserContext;
+     /** @brief Virtual machine measuring unit.
+      *
+      * Abstract base class representing standard measurement units throughout
+      * the script engine. These might be i.e. "dB" (deci Bel) for loudness,
+      * "Hz" (Hertz) for frequencies or "s" for "seconds".
+      *
+      * Originally the script engine only supported abstract integer values for
+      * controlling any synthesis parameter or built-in function argument or
+      * variable. Under certain situations it makes sense though for an
+      * instrument script author to provide values in real, standard measurement
+      * units, for example setting the frequency of some LFO directly to "20Hz".
+      * Hence support for standard units in scripts was added as an extension to
+      * the NKSP script engine.
+      */
+     class VMUnit {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the metric prefix of this unit. A metric prefix essentially
+          * is just a mathematical scale factor that should be applied to the
+          * number associated with the measurement unit. Usually a unit either
+          * has exactly none or one prefix, but note that there might also be
+          * units with more than one prefix, for example mdB (mili deci bel)
+          * is used sometimes which has two prefixes. This is an exception though
+          * and more than two prefixes is currently not supported by the script
+          * engine.
+          *
+          * Start iterating over the prefixes of this unit by passing @c 0 as
+          * argument to this method. The prefixes are terminated with return
+          * value VM_NO_PREFIX being always the last element.
+          *
+          * @param i - index of prefix
+          * @returns prefix of requested index or VM_NO_PREFIX otherwise
+          * @see unitFactor()
+          */
+         virtual MetricPrefix_t unitPrefix(vmuint i) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Conveniently returns the final mathematical factor that should be
+          * multiplied against the number associated with this unit. This factor
+          * results from the sequence of metric prefixes of this unit.
+          *
+          * @see unitPrefix()
+          */
+         vmfloat unitFactor() const;
+         /**
+          * This is the actual fundamental measuring unit base type of this unit,
+          * which might be either Hertz, second or Bel.
+          *
+          * @returns standard unit type identifier or VM_NO_UNIT if no unit used
+          */
+         virtual StdUnit_t unitType() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the actual mathematical factor represented by the passed
+          * @a prefix argument.
+          */
+         static vmfloat unitFactor(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * Returns the actual mathematical factor represented by the passed
+          * two @a prefix1 and @a prefix2 arguments.
+          */
+         static vmfloat unitFactor(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+     };
      /** @brief Virtual machine expression
       *
-Line 145 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 286 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * expressions to an array expression for you, instead this method will
           * simply return NULL!
           *
+          * @b Note: this method is currently, and in contrast to its other
+          * counter parts, declared as virtual method. Some deriving classes are
+          * currently using this to override this default implementation in order
+          * to implement an "evaluate now as integer array" behavior. This has
+          * efficiency reasons, however this also currently makes this part of
+          * the API less clean and should thus be addressed in future with
+          * appropriate changes to the API.
+          *
           * @see exprType()
           */
-         VMIntArrayExpr* asIntArray() const;
+         virtual VMIntArrayExpr* asIntArray() const;
+         /**
+          * Returns true in case this expression can be considered to be a
+          * constant expression. A constant expression will retain the same
+          * value throughout the entire life time of a script and the
+          * expression's constant value may be evaluated already at script
+          * parse time, which may result in performance benefits during script
+          * runtime.
+          *
+          * @b NOTE: A constant expression is per se always also non modifyable.
+          * But a non modifyable expression may not necessarily be a constant
+          * expression!
+          *
+          * @see isModifyable()
+          */
+         virtual bool isConstExpr() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns true in case this expression is allowed to be modified.
+          * If this method returns @c false then this expression must be handled
+          * as read-only expression, which means that assigning a new value to it
+          * is either not possible or not allowed.
+          *
+          * @b NOTE: A constant expression is per se always also non modifyable.
+          * But a non modifyable expression may not necessarily be a constant
+          * expression!
+          *
+          * @see isConstExpr()
+          */
+         bool isModifyable() const;
      };
      /** @brief Virtual machine integer expression
-Line 157 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 336 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * abstract method evalInt() to return the actual integer result value of
       * the expression.
       */
-     class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMExpr {
+     class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMExpr, virtual public VMUnit {
      public:
          /**
           * Returns the result of this expression as integer (scalar) value.
           * This abstract method must be implemented by deriving classes.
           */
-         virtual int evalInt() = 0;
+         virtual vmint evalInt() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns the result of this expression as integer (scalar) value and
+          * thus behaves similar to the previous method, however this overridden
+          * method automatically takes unit prefixes into account and returns a
+          * value corresponding to the expected given unit @a prefix.
+          *
+          * @param prefix - default measurement unit prefix expected by caller
+          */
+         vmint evalInt(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * This method behaves like the previous method, just that it takes
+          * a default measurement prefix with two elements (i.e. "milli cents"
+          * for tuning).
+          */
+         vmint evalInt(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
          /**
           * Returns always INT_EXPR for instances of this class.
           */
          ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_EXPR; }
+         /**
+          * Returns @c true if the value of this expression should be applied
+          * as final value to the respective destination synthesis chain
+          * parameter.
+          *
+          * This property is somewhat special and dedicated for the purpose of
+          * this expression's integer value to be applied as parameter to the
+          * synthesis chain of the sampler (i.e. for altering a filter cutoff
+          * frequency). Now historically and by default all values of scripts are
+          * applied relatively to the sampler's synthesis chain, that is the
+          * synthesis parameter value of a script is multiplied against other
+          * sources for the same synthesis parameter (i.e. an LFO or a dedicated
+          * MIDI controller either hard wired in the engine or defined by the
+          * instrument patch). So by default the resulting actual final synthesis
+          * parameter is a combination of all these sources. This has the
+          * advantage that it creates a very living and dynamic overall sound.
+          *
+          * However sometimes there are requirements by script authors where this
+          * is not what you want. Therefore the NKSP script engine added a
+          * language extension by prefixing a value in scripts with a @c !
+          * character the value will be defined as being the "final" value of the
+          * destination synthesis parameter, so that causes this value to be
+          * applied exclusively, and the values of all other sources are thus
+          * entirely ignored by the sampler's synthesis core as long as this
+          * value is assigned by the script engine as "final" value for the
+          * requested synthesis parameter.
+          */
+         virtual bool isFinal() const = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Virtual machine string expression
-Line 205 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 430 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns amount of elements in this array. This abstract method must
           * be implemented by deriving classes.
           */
-         virtual int arraySize() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint arraySize() const = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Virtual Machine Integer Array Expression
-Line 223 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 448 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           *
           * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
           */
-         virtual int evalIntElement(uint i) = 0;
+         virtual vmint evalIntElement(vmuint i) = 0;
          /**
           * Changes the current value of an element (given by array element
-Line 232 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 457 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
           * @param value - new integer scalar value to be assigned to that array element
           */
-         virtual void assignIntElement(uint i, int value) = 0;
+         virtual void assignIntElement(vmuint i, vmint value) = 0;
          /**
           * Returns always INT_ARR_EXPR for instances of this class.
-Line 254 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 479 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns the amount of arguments going to be passed to the script
           * function.
           */
-         virtual int argsCount() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint argsCount() const = 0;
          /**
           * Returns the respective argument (requested by argument index @a i) of
-Line 264 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 489 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           *
           * @param i - function argument index (indexed from left to right)
           */
-         virtual VMExpr* arg(int i) = 0;
+         virtual VMExpr* arg(vmint i) = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Result value returned from a call to a built-in script function.
-Line 328 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 553 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * script is calling this function with less arguments, the script
           * parser will throw a parser error.
           */
-         virtual int minRequiredArgs() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint minRequiredArgs() const = 0;
          /**
           * Maximum amount of function arguments this functions accepts. If a
           * script is calling this function with more arguments, the script
           * parser will throw a parser error.
           */
-         virtual int maxAllowedArgs() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint maxAllowedArgs() const = 0;
          /**
           * Script data type of the function's @c iArg 'th function argument.
           * The information provided here is less strong than acceptsArgType().
           * The parser will compare argument data types provided in scripts by
-          * calling cceptsArgType(). The return value of argType() is used by the
+          * calling acceptsArgType(). The return value of argType() is used by the
           * parser instead to show an appropriate parser error which data type
           * this function usually expects as "default" data type. Reason: a
           * function may accept multiple data types for a certain function
-Line 351 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 576 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
           *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
           */
-         virtual ExprType_t argType(int iArg) const = 0;
+         virtual ExprType_t argType(vmint iArg) const = 0;
          /**
-          * This function is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
           * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
           * a script calls this function with an argument's data type not
           * accepted by this function, the parser will throw a parser error. On
-Line 369 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 594 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @return true if the given data type would be accepted for the
           *         respective function argument by the function
           */
-         virtual bool acceptsArgType(int iArg, ExprType_t type) const = 0;
+         virtual bool acceptsArgType(vmint iArg, ExprType_t type) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
+          * a script calls this function with an argument's measuremnt unit type
+          * not accepted by this function, the parser will throw a parser error.
+          *
+          * This default implementation of this method does not accept any
+          * measurement unit. Deriving subclasses would override this method
+          * implementation in case they do accept any measurement unit for its
+          * function arguments.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          * @param type - standard measurement unit data type used for this
+          *               function argument by currently parsed script
+          * @return true if the given standard measurement unit type would be
+          *         accepted for the respective function argument by the function
+          */
+         virtual bool acceptsArgUnitType(vmint iArg, StdUnit_t type) const;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
+          * a script calls this function with a metric unit prefix and metric
+          * prefixes are not accepted for that argument by this function, then
+          * the parser will throw a parser error.
+          *
+          * This default implementation of this method does not accept any
+          * metric prefix. Deriving subclasses would override this method
+          * implementation in case they do accept any metric prefix for its
+          * function arguments.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          *
+          * @return true if a metric prefix would be accepted for the respective
+          *         function argument by this function
+          *
+          * @see MetricPrefix_t
+          */
+         virtual bool acceptsArgUnitPrefix(vmint iArg) const;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether arguments
+          * passed in scripts to this function are accepted by this function. If
+          * a script calls this function with an argument that is declared to be
+          * a "final" value and this is not accepted by this function, the parser
+          * will throw a parser error.
+          *
+          * This default implementation of this method does not accept a "final"
+          * value. Deriving subclasses would override this method implementation
+          * in case they do accept a "final" value for its function arguments.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          * @return true if a "final" value would be accepted for the respective
+          *         function argument by the function
+          *
+          * @see VMIntExpr::isFinal()
+          */
+         virtual bool acceptsArgFinal(vmint iArg) const;
+         /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to check whether some arguments
+          * (and if yes which ones) passed to this script function will be
+          * modified by this script function. Most script functions simply use
+          * their arguments as inputs, that is they only read the argument's
+          * values. However some script function may also use passed
+          * argument(s) as output variables. In this case the function
+          * implementation must return @c true for the respective argument
+          * index here.
+          *
+          * @param iArg - index of the function argument in question
+          *               (must be between 0 .. maxAllowedArgs() - 1)
+          */
+         virtual bool modifiesArg(vmint iArg) const = 0;
          /**
           * Implements the actual function execution. This exec() method is
-Line 403 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 705 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Virtual machine relative pointer.
       *
-      * POD base of VMIntRelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures. Not intended to be
+      * POD base of VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures. Not
-      * used directly. Use VMIntRelPtr or VMInt8RelPtr instead.
+      * intended to be used directly. Use VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr,
+      * VMInt8RelPtr instead.
       *
-      * @see VMIntRelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr
+      * @see VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr
       */
      struct VMRelPtr {
          void** base; ///< Base pointer.
-         int offset;  ///< Offset (in bytes) relative to base pointer.
+         vmint offset;  ///< Offset (in bytes) relative to base pointer.
+         bool readonly; ///< Whether the pointed data may be modified or just be read.
      };
-     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int).
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (interface class).
+      *
+      * This class acts as an abstract interface to all built-in integer script
+      * variables, independent of their actual native size (i.e. some built-in
+      * script variables are internally using a native int size of 64 bit or 32
+      * bit or 8 bit). The virtual machine is using this interface class instead
+      * of its implementing descendants (VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr,
+      * VMInt8RelPtr) in order for the virtual machine for not being required to
+      * handle each of them differently.
+      */
+     struct VMIntPtr {
+         virtual vmint evalInt() = 0;
+         virtual void assign(vmint i) = 0;
+         virtual bool isAssignable() const = 0;
+     };
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int64_t).
+      *
+      * Used for defining built-in 64 bit integer script variables.
+      *
+      * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
+      * of type "int64_t" (thus being exactly 64 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
+      * variable you want to reference is only 32 bit in size then you @b must
+      * use VMInt32RelPtr instead! Respectively for a referenced native variable
+      * with only 8 bit in size you @b must use VMInt8RelPtr instead!
+      *
+      * For efficiency reasons the actual native C/C++ int variable is referenced
+      * by two components here. The actual native int C/C++ variable in memory
+      * is dereferenced at VM run-time by taking the @c base pointer dereference
+      * and adding @c offset bytes. This has the advantage that for a large
+      * number of built-in int variables, only one (or few) base pointer need
+      * to be re-assigned before running a script, instead of updating each
+      * built-in variable each time before a script is executed.
+      *
+      * Refer to DECLARE_VMINT() for example code.
+      *
+      * @see VMInt32RelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
+      */
+     struct VMInt64RelPtr : VMRelPtr, VMIntPtr {
+         VMInt64RelPtr() {
+             base   = NULL;
+             offset = 0;
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         VMInt64RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
+             base   = data.base;
+             offset = data.offset;
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         vmint evalInt() OVERRIDE {
+             return (vmint)*(int64_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
+         }
+         void assign(vmint i) OVERRIDE {
+             *(int64_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = (int64_t)i;
+         }
+         bool isAssignable() const OVERRIDE { return !readonly; }
+     };
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int32_t).
       *
       * Used for defining built-in 32 bit integer script variables.
       *
       * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
-      * of type "int" (which on most systems is 32 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
+      * of type "int32_t" (thus being exactly 32 bit in size). If the C/C++ int
-      * variable you want to reference is only 8 bit in size, then you @b must
+      * variable you want to reference is 64 bit in size then you @b must use
-      * use VMInt8RelPtr instead!
+      * VMInt64RelPtr instead! Respectively for a referenced native variable with
+      * only 8 bit in size you @b must use VMInt8RelPtr instead!
       *
       * For efficiency reasons the actual native C/C++ int variable is referenced
       * by two components here. The actual native int C/C++ variable in memory
-Line 432 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 795 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * Refer to DECLARE_VMINT() for example code.
       *
-      * @see VMInt8RelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
+      * @see VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt8RelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
       */
-     struct VMIntRelPtr : VMRelPtr {
+     struct VMInt32RelPtr : VMRelPtr, VMIntPtr {
-         VMIntRelPtr() {
+         VMInt32RelPtr() {
              base   = NULL;
              offset = 0;
+             readonly = false;
          }
-         VMIntRelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
+         VMInt32RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
              base   = data.base;
              offset = data.offset;
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         vmint evalInt() OVERRIDE {
+             return (vmint)*(int32_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
+         }
+         void assign(vmint i) OVERRIDE {
+             *(int32_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = (int32_t)i;
          }
-         virtual int evalInt() { return *(int*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset]; }
+         bool isAssignable() const OVERRIDE { return !readonly; }
-         virtual void assign(int i) { *(int*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = i; }
      };
      /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type int8_t).
-Line 453 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 823 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * @b CAUTION: You may only use this class for pointing to C/C++ variables
       * of type "int8_t" (8 bit integer). If the C/C++ int variable you want to
-      * reference is an "int" type (which is 32 bit on most systems), then you
+      * reference is not exactly 8 bit in size then you @b must respectively use
-      * @b must use VMIntRelPtr instead!
+      * either VMInt32RelPtr for native 32 bit variables or VMInt64RelPtrl for
+      * native 64 bit variables instead!
       *
       * For efficiency reasons the actual native C/C++ int variable is referenced
       * by two components here. The actual native int C/C++ variable in memory
-Line 466 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 837 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       *
       * Refer to DECLARE_VMINT() for example code.
       *
-      * @see VMIntRelPtr, DECLARE_VMINT()
+      * @see VMIntRel32Ptr, VMIntRel64Ptr, DECLARE_VMINT()
       */
-     struct VMInt8RelPtr : VMIntRelPtr {
+     struct VMInt8RelPtr : VMRelPtr, VMIntPtr {
-         VMInt8RelPtr() : VMIntRelPtr() {}
+         VMInt8RelPtr() {
-         VMInt8RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) : VMIntRelPtr(data) {}
+             base   = NULL;
-         virtual int evalInt() OVERRIDE {
+             offset = 0;
-             return *(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
+             readonly = false;
+         }
+         VMInt8RelPtr(const VMRelPtr& data) {
+             base   = data.base;
+             offset = data.offset;
+             readonly = false;
          }
-         virtual void assign(int i) OVERRIDE {
+         vmint evalInt() OVERRIDE {
-             *(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = i;
+             return (vmint)*(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset];
          }
+         void assign(vmint i) OVERRIDE {
+             *(uint8_t*)&(*(uint8_t**)base)[offset] = (uint8_t)i;
+         }
+         bool isAssignable() const OVERRIDE { return !readonly; }
      };
+     /** @brief Pointer to built-in VM integer variable (of C/C++ type vmint).
+      *
+      * Use this typedef if the native variable to be pointed to is using the
+      * typedef vmint. If the native C/C++ variable to be pointed to is using
+      * another C/C++ type then better use one of VMInt64RelPtr or VMInt32RelPtr
+      * instead.
+      */
+     typedef VMInt64RelPtr VMIntRelPtr;
+     #if HAVE_CXX_EMBEDDED_PRAGMA_DIAGNOSTICS
+     # define COMPILER_DISABLE_OFFSETOF_WARNING                    \
+         _Pragma("GCC diagnostic push")                            \
+         _Pragma("GCC diagnostic ignored \"-Winvalid-offsetof\"")
+     # define COMPILER_RESTORE_OFFSETOF_WARNING \
+         _Pragma("GCC diagnostic pop")
+     #else
+     # define COMPILER_DISABLE_OFFSETOF_WARNING
+     # define COMPILER_RESTORE_OFFSETOF_WARNING
+     #endif
      /**
-      * Convenience macro for initializing VMIntRelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr
+      * Convenience macro for initializing VMInt64RelPtr, VMInt32RelPtr and
-      * structures. Usage example:
+      * VMInt8RelPtr structures. Usage example:
       * @code
       * struct Foo {
       *   uint8_t a; // native representation of a built-in integer script variable
-      *   int b; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
+      *   int64_t b; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
-      *   int c; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
+      *   int64_t c; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
       *   uint8_t d; // native representation of another built-in integer script variable
       * };
       *
-Line 497 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 897 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * Foo* pFoo;
       *
       * VMInt8RelPtr varA = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, a);
-      * VMIntRelPtr  varB = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, b);
+      * VMInt64RelPtr varB = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, b);
-      * VMIntRelPtr  varC = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, c);
+      * VMInt64RelPtr varC = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, c);
       * VMInt8RelPtr varD = DECLARE_VMINT(pFoo, class Foo, d);
       *
       * pFoo = &foo1;
-Line 521 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 921 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * complexity inside the sampler engines which provide the actual script
       * functionalities.
       */
-     #define DECLARE_VMINT(basePtr, T_struct, T_member) ( \
+     #define DECLARE_VMINT(basePtr, T_struct, T_member) (          \
-         (VMRelPtr) {                                     \
+         /* Disable offsetof warning, trust us, we are cautios. */ \
-             (void**) &basePtr,                           \
+         COMPILER_DISABLE_OFFSETOF_WARNING                         \
-             offsetof(T_struct, T_member)                 \
+         (VMRelPtr) {                                              \
-         }                                                \
+             (void**) &basePtr,                                    \
-     )                                                    \
+             offsetof(T_struct, T_member),                         \
+             false                                                 \
+         }                                                         \
+         COMPILER_RESTORE_OFFSETOF_WARNING                         \
+     )                                                             \
+     /**
+      * Same as DECLARE_VMINT(), but this one defines the VMInt64RelPtr,
+      * VMInt32RelPtr and VMInt8RelPtr structures to be of read-only type.
+      * That means the script parser will abort any script at parser time if the
+      * script is trying to modify such a read-only built-in variable.
+      *
+      * @b NOTE: this is only intended for built-in read-only variables that
+      * may change during runtime! If your built-in variable's data is rather
+      * already available at parser time and won't change during runtime, then
+      * you should rather register a built-in constant in your VM class instead!
+      *
+      * @see ScriptVM::builtInConstIntVariables()
+      */
+     #define DECLARE_VMINT_READONLY(basePtr, T_struct, T_member) ( \
+         /* Disable offsetof warning, trust us, we are cautios. */ \
+         COMPILER_DISABLE_OFFSETOF_WARNING                         \
+         (VMRelPtr) {                                              \
+             (void**) &basePtr,                                    \
+             offsetof(T_struct, T_member),                         \
+             true                                                  \
+         }                                                         \
+         COMPILER_RESTORE_OFFSETOF_WARNING                         \
+     )                                                             \
      /** @brief Built-in VM 8 bit integer array variable.
       *
-Line 536 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 964 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       */
      struct VMInt8Array {
          int8_t* data;
-         int size;
+         vmint size;
+         bool readonly; ///< Whether the array data may be modified or just be read.
+         VMInt8Array() : data(NULL), size(0), readonly(false) {}
+     };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine script variable.
+      *
+      * Common interface for all variables accessed in scripts.
+      */
+     class VMVariable : virtual public VMExpr {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Whether a script may modify the content of this variable by
+          * assigning a new value to it.
+          *
+          * @see isConstExpr(), assign()
+          */
+         virtual bool isAssignable() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * In case this variable is assignable, this method will be called to
+          * perform the value assignment to this variable with @a expr
+          * reflecting the new value to be assigned.
+          *
+          * @param expr - new value to be assigned to this variable
+          */
+         virtual void assignExpr(VMExpr* expr) = 0;
+     };
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (abstract base class).
+      *
+      * Interface for the implementation of a dynamically generated content of
+      * a built-in script variable. Most built-in variables are simply pointers
+      * to some native location in memory. So when a script reads them, the
+      * memory location is simply read to get the value of the variable. A
+      * dynamic variable however is not simply a memory location. For each access
+      * to a dynamic variable some native code is executed to actually generate
+      * and provide the content (value) of this type of variable.
+      */
+     class VMDynVar : public VMVariable {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns true in case this dynamic variable can be considered to be a
+          * constant expression. A constant expression will retain the same value
+          * throughout the entire life time of a script and the expression's
+          * constant value may be evaluated already at script parse time, which
+          * may result in performance benefits during script runtime.
+          *
+          * However due to the "dynamic" behavior of dynamic variables, almost
+          * all dynamic variables are probably not constant expressions. That's
+          * why this method returns @c false by default. If you are really sure
+          * that your dynamic variable implementation can be considered a
+          * constant expression then you may override this method and return
+          * @c true instead. Note that when you return @c true here, your
+          * dynamic variable will really just be executed once; and exectly
+          * already when the script is loaded!
+          *
+          * As an example you may implement a "constant" built-in dynamic
+          * variable that checks for a certain operating system feature and
+          * returns the result of that OS feature check as content (value) of
+          * this dynamic variable. Since the respective OS feature might become
+          * available/unavailable after OS updates, software migration, etc. the
+          * OS feature check should at least be performed once each time the
+          * application is launched. And since the OS feature check might take a
+          * certain amount of execution time, it might make sense to only
+          * perform the check if the respective variable name is actually
+          * referenced at all in the script to be loaded. Note that the dynamic
+          * variable will still be evaluated again though if the script is
+          * loaded again. So it is up to you to probably cache the result in the
+          * implementation of your dynamic variable.
+          *
+          * On doubt, please rather consider to use a constant built-in script
+          * variable instead of implementing a "constant" dynamic variable, due
+          * to the runtime overhead a dynamic variable may cause.
+          *
+          * @see isAssignable()
+          */
+         bool isConstExpr() const OVERRIDE { return false; }
+         /**
+          * In case this dynamic variable is assignable, the new value (content)
+          * to be assigned to this dynamic variable.
+          *
+          * By default this method does nothing. Override and implement this
+          * method in your subclass in case your dynamic variable allows to
+          * assign a new value by script.
+          *
+          * @param expr - new value to be assigned to this variable
+          */
+         void assignExpr(VMExpr* expr) OVERRIDE {}
+         virtual ~VMDynVar() {}
+     };
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (of integer data type).
+      *
+      * This is the base class for all built-in integer script variables whose
+      * variable content needs to be provided dynamically by executable native
+      * code on each script variable access.
+      */
+     class VMDynIntVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMIntExpr {
+     public:
+         MetricPrefix_t unitPrefix(vmuint i) const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_PREFIX; }
+         StdUnit_t unitType() const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_UNIT; }
+         bool isFinal() const OVERRIDE { return false; }
+     };
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (of string data type).
+      *
+      * This is the base class for all built-in string script variables whose
+      * variable content needs to be provided dynamically by executable native
+      * code on each script variable access.
+      */
+     class VMDynStringVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMStringExpr {
+     public:
+     };
-         VMInt8Array() : data(NULL), size(0) {}
+     /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (of integer array data type).
+      *
+      * This is the base class for all built-in integer array script variables
+      * whose variable content needs to be provided dynamically by executable
+      * native code on each script variable access.
+      */
+     class VMDynIntArrayVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMIntArrayExpr {
+     public:
      };
      /** @brief Provider for built-in script functions and variables.
-Line 559 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1110 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual VMFunction* functionByName(const String& name) = 0;
          /**
+          * Returns @c true if the passed built-in function is disabled and
+          * should be ignored by the parser. This method is called by the
+          * parser on preprocessor level for each built-in function call within
+          * a script. Accordingly if this method returns @c true, then the
+          * respective function call is completely filtered out on preprocessor
+          * level, so that built-in function won't make into the result virtual
+          * machine representation, nor would expressions of arguments passed to
+          * that built-in function call be evaluated, nor would any check
+          * regarding correct usage of the built-in function be performed.
+          * In other words: a disabled function call ends up as a comment block.
+          *
+          * @param fn - built-in function to be checked
+          * @param ctx - parser context at the position where the built-in
+          *              function call is located within the script
+          */
+         virtual bool isFunctionDisabled(VMFunction* fn, VMParserContext* ctx) = 0;
+         /**
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script variables
           * which point to native "int" scalar (usually 32 bit) variables.
           */
-         virtual std::map<String,VMIntRelPtr*> builtInIntVariables() = 0;
+         virtual std::map<String,VMIntPtr*> builtInIntVariables() = 0;
          /**
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in script integer
-Line 574 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1143 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in constant script
           * variables, which never change their value at runtime.
           */
-         virtual std::map<String,int> builtInConstIntVariables() = 0;
+         virtual std::map<String,vmint> builtInConstIntVariables() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns a variable name indexed map of all built-in dynamic variables,
+          * which are not simply data stores, rather each one of them executes
+          * natively to provide or alter the respective script variable data.
+          */
+         virtual std::map<String,VMDynVar*> builtInDynamicVariables() = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Execution state of a virtual machine.
-Line 604 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1180 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * engine) which is using the virtual machine classes here, must take
           * care by itself about taking time stamps, determining the script
           * handlers that shall be put aside for the requested amount of
-          * microseconds indicated by this method by comparing the time stamps in
+          * microseconds, indicated by this method by comparing the time stamps in
           * real-time, and to continue passing the respective handler to
           * ScriptVM::exec() as soon as its suspension exceeded, etc. Or in other
           * words: all classes in this directory never have an idea what time it
-Line 616 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1192 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           *
           * @see ScriptVM::exec()
           */
-         virtual int suspensionTimeMicroseconds() const = 0;
+         virtual vmint suspensionTimeMicroseconds() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Causes all polyphonic variables to be reset to zero values. A
+          * polyphonic variable is expected to be zero when entering a new event
+          * handler instance. As an exception the values of polyphonic variables
+          * shall only be preserved from an note event handler instance to its
+          * correspending specific release handler instance. So in the latter
+          * case the script author may pass custom data from the note handler to
+          * the release handler, but only for the same specific note!
+          */
+         virtual void resetPolyphonicData() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns amount of virtual machine instructions which have been
+          * performed the last time when this execution context was executing a
+          * script. So in case you need the overall amount of instructions
+          * instead, then you need to add them by yourself after each
+          * ScriptVM::exec() call.
+          */
+         virtual size_t instructionsPerformed() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Sends a signal to this script execution instance to abort its script
+          * execution as soon as possible. This method is called i.e. when one
+          * script execution instance intends to stop another script execution
+          * instance.
+          */
+         virtual void signalAbort() = 0;
+         /**
+          * Copies the current entire execution state from this object to the
+          * given object. So this can be used to "fork" a new script thread which
+          * then may run independently with its own polyphonic data for instance.
+          */
+         virtual void forkTo(VMExecContext* ectx) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * In case the script called the built-in exit() function and passed a
+          * value as argument to the exit() function, then this method returns
+          * the value that had been passed as argument to the exit() function.
+          * Otherwise if the exit() function has not been called by the script
+          * or no argument had been passed to the exit() function, then this
+          * method returns NULL instead.
+          *
+          * Currently this is only used for automated test cases against the
+          * script engine, which return some kind of value in the individual
+          * test case scripts to check their behaviour in automated way. There
+          * is no purpose for this mechanism in production use. Accordingly this
+          * exit result value is @b always completely ignored by the sampler
+          * engines.
+          *
+          * Officially the built-in exit() function does not expect any arguments
+          * to be passed to its function call, and by default this feature is
+          * hence disabled and will yield in a parser error unless
+          * ScriptVM::setExitResultEnabled() was explicitly set.
+          *
+          * @see ScriptVM::setExitResultEnabled()
+          */
+         virtual VMExpr* exitResult() = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Script callback for a certain event.
-Line 627 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1262 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      class VMEventHandler {
      public:
          /**
+          * Type of this event handler, which identifies its purpose. For example
+          * for a "on note ... end on" script callback block,
+          * @c VM_EVENT_HANDLER_NOTE would be returned here.
+          */
+         virtual VMEventHandlerType_t eventHandlerType() const = 0;
+         /**
           * Name of the event handler which identifies its purpose. For example
           * for a "on note ... end on" script callback block, the name "note"
           * would be returned here.
-Line 641 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1283 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      };
      /**
+      * Reflects the precise position and span of a specific code block within
+      * a script. This is currently only used for the locations of commented
+      * code blocks due to preprocessor statements, and for parser errors and
+      * parser warnings.
+      *
+      * @see ParserIssue for code locations of parser errors and parser warnings
+      *
+      * @see VMParserContext::preprocessorComments() for locations of code which
+      *      have been filtered out by preprocessor statements
+      */
+     struct CodeBlock {
+         int firstLine; ///< The first line number of this code block within the script (indexed with 1 being the very first line).
+         int lastLine; ///< The last line number of this code block within the script.
+         int firstColumn; ///< The first column of this code block within the script (indexed with 1 being the very first column).
+         int lastColumn; ///< The last column of this code block within the script.
+     };
+     /**
       * Encapsulates a noteworty parser issue. This encompasses the type of the
       * issue (either a parser error or parser warning), a human readable
       * explanation text of the error or warning and the location of the
       * encountered parser issue within the script.
+      *
+      * @see VMSourceToken for processing syntax highlighting instead.
       */
-     struct ParserIssue {
+     struct ParserIssue : CodeBlock {
          String txt; ///< Human readable explanation text of the parser issue.
-         int line; ///< Line number within the script where this issue was encountered.
          ParserIssueType_t type; ///< Whether this issue is either a parser error or just a parser warning.
          /**
-Line 657 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1318 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          inline void dump() {
              switch (type) {
                  case PARSER_ERROR:
-                     printf("[ERROR] line %d: %s\n", line, txt.c_str());
+                     printf("[ERROR] line %d, column %d: %s\n", firstLine, firstColumn, txt.c_str());
                      break;
                  case PARSER_WARNING:
-                     printf("[Warning] line %d: %s\n", line, txt.c_str());
+                     printf("[Warning] line %d, column %d: %s\n", firstLine, firstColumn, txt.c_str());
                      break;
              }
          }
-Line 694 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1355 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          return "invalid";
      }
+     /**
+      * Convenience function used for converting an StdUnit_t constant to a
+      * string, i.e. for generating error message by the parser.
+      */
+     inline String unitTypeStr(const StdUnit_t& type) {
+         switch (type) {
+             case VM_NO_UNIT: return "none";
+             case VM_SECOND: return "seconds";
+             case VM_HERTZ: return "Hz";
+             case VM_BEL: return "Bel";
+         }
+         return "invalid";
+     }
      /** @brief Virtual machine representation of a script.
       *
       * An instance of this abstract base class represents a parsed script,
-Line 728 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1403 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual std::vector<ParserIssue> warnings() const = 0;
          /**
+          * Returns all code blocks of the script which were filtered out by the
+          * preprocessor.
+          */
+         virtual std::vector<CodeBlock> preprocessorComments() const = 0;
+         /**
           * Returns the translated virtual machine representation of an event
           * handler block (i.e. "on note ... end on" code block) within the
           * parsed script. This translated representation of the event handler
-Line 748 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1429 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual VMEventHandler* eventHandlerByName(const String& name) = 0;
      };
+     class SourceToken;
+     /** @brief Recognized token of a script's source code.
+      *
+      * Represents one recognized token of a script's source code, for example
+      * a keyword, variable name, etc. and it provides further informations about
+      * that particular token, i.e. the precise location (line and column) of the
+      * token within the original script's source code.
+      *
+      * This class is not actually used by the sampler itself. It is rather
+      * provided for external script editor applications. Primary purpose of
+      * this class is syntax highlighting for external script editors.
+      *
+      * @see ParserIssue for processing compile errors and warnings instead.
+      */
+     class VMSourceToken {
+     public:
+         VMSourceToken();
+         VMSourceToken(SourceToken* ct);
+         VMSourceToken(const VMSourceToken& other);
+         virtual ~VMSourceToken();
+         // original text of this token as it is in the script's source code
+         String text() const;
+         // position of token in script
+         int firstLine() const; ///< First line this source token is located at in script source code (indexed with 0 being the very first line). Most source code tokens are not spanning over multiple lines, the only current exception are comments, in the latter case you need to process text() to get the last line and last column for the comment.
+         int firstColumn() const; ///< First column on the first line this source token is located at in script source code (indexed with 0 being the very first column). To get the length of this token use text().length().
+         // base types
+         bool isEOF() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents the end of the source code file.
+         bool isNewLine() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a line feed character (i.e. "\n" on Unix systems).
+         bool isKeyword() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a language keyword (i.e. "while", "function", "declare", "on", etc.).
+         bool isVariableName() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a variable name (i.e. "$someIntVariable", "%someArrayVariable", "\@someStringVariable"). @see isIntegerVariable(), isStringVariable(), isArrayVariable() for the precise variable type.
+         bool isIdentifier() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an identifier, which currently always means a function name.
+         bool isNumberLiteral() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a number literal (i.e. 123).
+         bool isStringLiteral() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a string literal (i.e. "Some text").
+         bool isComment() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a source code comment.
+         bool isPreprocessor() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a preprocessor statement.
+         bool isOther() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents anything else not covered by the token types mentioned above.
+         // extended types
+         bool isIntegerVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an integer variable name (i.e. "$someIntVariable").
+         bool isStringVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an string variable name (i.e. "\@someStringVariable").
+         bool isArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an array variable name (i.e. "%someArryVariable").
+         bool isEventHandlerName() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an event handler name (i.e. "note", "release", "controller").
+         VMSourceToken& operator=(const VMSourceToken& other);
+     private:
+         SourceToken* m_token;
+     };
  } // namespace LinuxSampler
  #endif // LS_INSTR_SCRIPT_PARSER_COMMON_H

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