/[svn]/linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

Diff of /linuxsampler/trunk/src/scriptvm/common.h

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-revision 3564 by schoenebeck,
Sat Aug 24 09:18:57 2019 UTC
+revision 3584 by schoenebeck,
Fri Aug 30 13:33:32 2019 UTC
 Line 19
  #include <vector>
  #include <map>
  #include <stddef.h> // offsetof()
+ #include <functional> // std::function<>
  namespace LinuxSampler {
-Line 37 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 38 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      typedef uint64_t vmuint;
      /**
-      * Native data type used internally by the script engine for floating point
+      * Native data type used by the script engine both internally for floating
-      * data types. This type is currently not exposed to scripts.
+      * point data, as well as for all @c real data types used by scripts (i.e.
+      * for all ~foo variables in NKSP scripts).
       */
      typedef float vmfloat;
-Line 64 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 66 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          INT_ARR_EXPR, ///< integer array expression
          STRING_EXPR, ///< string expression
          STRING_ARR_EXPR, ///< string array expression
+         REAL_EXPR, ///< floating point (scalar) expression
+         REAL_ARR_EXPR, ///< floating point array expression
      };
      /** @brief Result flags of a script statement or script function call.
-Line 134 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 138 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      };
      /**
+      * This constant is used for comparison with Unit::unitFactor() to check
+      * whether a number does have any metric unit prefix at all.
+      *
+      * @see Unit::unitFactor()
+      */
+     static const vmfloat VM_NO_FACTOR = vmfloat(1);
+     /**
       * All measurement unit types supported by this script engine.
       *
       * @e Note: there is no standard unit "cents" here (for pitch/tuning), use
-Line 150 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 162 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          VM_BEL,         ///< Measuring relation between two energy levels (in logarithmic scale). Since we are using it for accoustics, we are always referring to A-weighted Bels (i.e. dBA).
      };
+     //TODO: see Unit::hasUnitFactorEver()
+     enum EverTriState_t {
+         VM_NEVER = 0,
+         VM_MAYBE,
+         VM_ALWAYS,
+     };
      // just symbol prototyping
      class VMIntExpr;
+     class VMRealExpr;
      class VMStringExpr;
+     class VMNumberExpr;
+     class VMArrayExpr;
      class VMIntArrayExpr;
+     class VMRealArrayExpr;
      class VMStringArrayExpr;
      class VMParserContext;
-     /** @brief Virtual machine measuring unit.
+     /** @brief Virtual machine standard measuring unit.
       *
       * Abstract base class representing standard measurement units throughout
-      * the script engine. These might be i.e. "dB" (deci Bel) for loudness,
+      * the script engine. These might be e.g. "dB" (deci Bel) for loudness,
-      * "Hz" (Hertz) for frequencies or "s" for "seconds".
+      * "Hz" (Hertz) for frequencies or "s" for "seconds". These unit types can
+      * combined with metric prefixes, for instance "kHz" (kilo Hertz),
+      * "us" (micro second), etc.
       *
       * Originally the script engine only supported abstract integer values for
       * controlling any synthesis parameter or built-in function argument or
       * variable. Under certain situations it makes sense though for an
       * instrument script author to provide values in real, standard measurement
-      * units, for example setting the frequency of some LFO directly to "20Hz".
+      * units to provide a more natural and intuitive approach for writing
-      * Hence support for standard units in scripts was added as an extension to
+      * instrument scripts, for example by setting the frequency of some LFO
-      * the NKSP script engine.
+      * directly to "20Hz" or reducing loudness by "-4.2dB". Hence support for
+      * standard units in scripts was added as an extension to the NKSP script
+      * engine.
+      *
+      * So a unit consists of 1) a sequence of metric prefixes as scale factor
+      * (e.g. "k" for kilo) and 2) the actual unit type (e.g. "Hz" for Hertz).
+      * The unit type is a constant feature of number literals and variables, so
+      * once a variable was declared with a unit type (or no unit type at all)
+      * then that unit type of that variable cannot be changed for the entire
+      * life time of the script. This is different from the unit's metric
+      * prefix(es) of variables which may freely be changed at runtime.
       */
      class VMUnit {
      public:
          /**
-          * Returns the metric prefix of this unit. A metric prefix essentially
+          * Returns the metric prefix(es) of this unit as unit factor. A metric
-          * is just a mathematical scale factor that should be applied to the
+          * prefix essentially is just a mathematical scale factor that should be
-          * number associated with the measurement unit. Usually a unit either
+          * applied to the number associated with the measurement unit. Consider
-          * has exactly none or one prefix, but note that there might also be
+          * a string literal in an NKSP script like '3kHz' where 'k' (kilo) is
-          * units with more than one prefix, for example mdB (mili deci bel)
+          * the metric prefix, which essentically is a scale factor of 1000.
-          * is used sometimes which has two prefixes. This is an exception though
-          * and more than two prefixes is currently not supported by the script
-          * engine.
           *
-          * Start iterating over the prefixes of this unit by passing @c 0 as
+          * Usually a unit either has exactly none or one metric prefix, but note
-          * argument to this method. The prefixes are terminated with return
+          * that there might also be units with more than one prefix, for example
-          * value VM_NO_PREFIX being always the last element.
+          * @c mdB (milli deci Bel) is used sometimes which has two prefixes. The
+          * latter is an exception though and more than two prefixes is currently
+          * not supported by the script engine.
           *
-          * @param i - index of prefix
+          * The factor returned by this method is the final mathematical factor
-          * @returns prefix of requested index or VM_NO_PREFIX otherwise
+          * that should be multiplied against the number associated with this
-          * @see unitFactor()
+          * unit. This factor results from the sequence of metric prefixes of
+          * this unit.
+          *
+          * @see MetricPrefix_t, hasUnitFactorNow(), hasUnitFactorEver(),
+          *      VM_NO_FACTOR
+          * @returns current metric unit factor
           */
-         virtual MetricPrefix_t unitPrefix(vmuint i) const = 0;
+         virtual vmfloat unitFactor() const = 0;
+         //TODO: this still needs to be implemented in tree.h/.pp, built-in functions and as 2nd pass of parser appropriately
+         /*virtual*/ EverTriState_t hasUnitFactorEver() const { return VM_NEVER; }
          /**
-          * Conveniently returns the final mathematical factor that should be
+          * Whether this unit currently does have any metric unit prefix.
-          * multiplied against the number associated with this unit. This factor
+          *
-          * results from the sequence of metric prefixes of this unit.
+          * This is actually just a convenience method which returns @c true if
+          * unitFactor() is not @c 1.0.
           *
-          * @see unitPrefix()
+          * @see MetricPrefix_t, unitFactor(), hasUnitFactorEver(), VM_NO_FACTOR
+          * @returns @c true if this unit currently has any metric prefix
           */
-         vmfloat unitFactor() const;
+         bool hasUnitFactorNow() const;
          /**
           * This is the actual fundamental measuring unit base type of this unit,
           * which might be either Hertz, second or Bel.
           *
-          * @returns standard unit type identifier or VM_NO_UNIT if no unit used
+          * Note that a number without a unit type may still have metric
+          * prefixes.
+          *
+          * @returns standard unit type identifier or VM_NO_UNIT if no unit type
+          *          is used for this object
           */
          virtual StdUnit_t unitType() const = 0;
-Line 219 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 267 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          /**
           * Returns the actual mathematical factor represented by the passed
           * two @a prefix1 and @a prefix2 arguments.
+          *
+          * @returns scale factor of given metric unit prefixes
           */
          static vmfloat unitFactor(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+         /**
+          * Returns the actual mathematical factor represented by the passed
+          * @a prefixes array. The passed array should always be terminated by a
+          * VM_NO_PREFIX value as last element.
+          *
+          * @param prefixes - sequence of metric prefixes
+          * @param size - max. amount of elements of array @a prefixes
+          * @returns scale factor of given metric unit prefixes
+          */
+         static vmfloat unitFactor(const MetricPrefix_t* prefixes, vmuint size = 2);
      };
      /** @brief Virtual machine expression
-Line 254 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 315 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * if this expression is i.e. actually a string expression like "12",
           * calling asInt() will @b not cast that numerical string expression to
           * an integer expression 12 for you, instead this method will simply
-          * return NULL!
+          * return NULL! Same applies if this expression is actually a real
+          * number expression: asInt() would return NULL in that case as well.
           *
-          * @see exprType()
+          * @see exprType(), asReal(), asNumber()
           */
          VMIntExpr* asInt() const;
          /**
+          * In case this expression is a real number (floating point) expression,
+          * then this method returns a casted pointer to that VMRealExpr object.
+          * It returns NULL if this expression is not a real number expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. actually a string expression like "12",
+          * calling asReal() will @b not cast that numerical string expression to
+          * a real number expression 12.0 for you, instead this method will
+          * simply return NULL! Same applies if this expression is actually an
+          * integer expression: asReal() would return NULL in that case as well.
+          *
+          * @see exprType(), asInt(), asNumber()
+          */
+         VMRealExpr* asReal() const;
+         /**
+          * In case this expression is a scalar number expression, that is either
+          * an integer (scalar) expression or a real number (floating point
+          * scalar) expression, then this method returns a casted pointer to that
+          * VMNumberExpr base class object. It returns NULL if this
+          * expression is neither an integer (scalar), nor a real number (scalar)
+          * expression.
+          *
+          * Since the methods asInt() and asReal() are very strict, this method
+          * is provided as convenience access in case only very general
+          * information (e.g. which standard measurement unit is being used or
+          * whether final operator being effective to this expression) is
+          * intended to be retrieved of this scalar number expression independent
+          * from whether this expression is actually an integer or a real number
+          * expression.
+          *
+          * @see exprType(), asInt(), asReal()
+          */
+         VMNumberExpr* asNumber() const;
+         /**
           * In case this expression is a string expression, then this method
           * returns a casted pointer to that VMStringExpr object. It returns NULL
           * if this expression is not a string expression.
-Line 281 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 379 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * returns NULL if this expression is not an integer array expression.
           *
           * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
-          * if this expression is i.e. an integer expression or a string
+          * if this expression is i.e. an integer scalar expression, a real
-          * expression, calling asIntArray() will @b not cast those scalar
+          * number expression or a string expression, calling asIntArray() will
-          * expressions to an array expression for you, instead this method will
+          * @b not cast those expressions to an integer array expression for you,
-          * simply return NULL!
+          * instead this method will simply return NULL!
           *
           * @b Note: this method is currently, and in contrast to its other
           * counter parts, declared as virtual method. Some deriving classes are
-Line 299 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 397 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual VMIntArrayExpr* asIntArray() const;
          /**
+          * In case this expression is a real number (floating point) array
+          * expression, then this method returns a casted pointer to that
+          * VMRealArrayExpr object. It returns NULL if this expression is not a
+          * real number array expression.
+          *
+          * @b Note: type casting performed by this method is strict! That means
+          * if this expression is i.e. a real number scalar expression, an
+          * integer expression or a string expression, calling asRealArray() will
+          * @b not cast those scalar expressions to a real number array
+          * expression for you, instead this method will simply return NULL!
+          *
+          * @b Note: this method is currently, and in contrast to its other
+          * counter parts, declared as virtual method. Some deriving classes are
+          * currently using this to override this default implementation in order
+          * to implement an "evaluate now as real number array" behavior. This
+          * has efficiency reasons, however this also currently makes this part
+          * of the API less clean and should thus be addressed in future with
+          * appropriate changes to the API.
+          *
+          * @see exprType()
+          */
+         virtual VMRealArrayExpr* asRealArray() const;
+         /**
+          * This is an alternative to calling either asIntArray() or
+          * asRealArray(). This method here might be used if the fundamental
+          * scalar data type (real or integer) of the array is not relevant,
+          * i.e. for just getting the size of the array. Since all as*() methods
+          * here are very strict regarding type casting, this asArray() method
+          * sometimes can reduce code complexity.
+          *
+          * Likewise calling this method only returns a valid pointer if the
+          * expression is some array type (currently either integer array or real
+          * number array). For any other expression type this method will return
+          * NULL instead.
+          *
+          * @see exprType()
+          */
+         VMArrayExpr* asArray() const;
+         /**
           * Returns true in case this expression can be considered to be a
           * constant expression. A constant expression will retain the same
           * value throughout the entire life time of a script and the
-Line 329 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 468 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          bool isModifyable() const;
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine scalar number expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for integer (scalar) expressions and
+      * real number (floating point scalar) expressions of scripts.
+      */
+     class VMNumberExpr : virtual public VMExpr, virtual public VMUnit {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns @c true if the value of this expression should be applied
+          * as final value to the respective destination synthesis chain
+          * parameter.
+          *
+          * This property is somewhat special and dedicated for the purpose of
+          * this expression's (integer or real number) value to be applied as
+          * parameter to the synthesis chain of the sampler (i.e. for altering a
+          * filter cutoff frequency). Now historically and by default all values
+          * of scripts are applied relatively to the sampler's synthesis chain,
+          * that is the synthesis parameter value of a script is multiplied
+          * against other sources for the same synthesis parameter (i.e. an LFO
+          * or a dedicated MIDI controller either hard wired in the engine or
+          * defined by the instrument patch). So by default the resulting actual
+          * final synthesis parameter is a combination of all these sources. This
+          * has the advantage that it creates a very living and dynamic overall
+          * sound.
+          *
+          * However sometimes there are requirements by script authors where this
+          * is not what you want. Therefore the NKSP script engine added a
+          * language extension by prefixing a value in scripts with a @c !
+          * character the value will be defined as being the "final" value of the
+          * destination synthesis parameter, so that causes this value to be
+          * applied exclusively, and the values of all other sources are thus
+          * entirely ignored by the sampler's synthesis core as long as this
+          * value is assigned by the script engine as "final" value for the
+          * requested synthesis parameter.
+          */
+         virtual bool isFinal() const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Calling this method evaluates the expression and returns the value
+          * of the expression as integer. If this scalar number expression is a
+          * real number expression then this method automatically casts the value
+          * from real number to integer.
+          */
+         vmint evalCastInt();
+         /**
+          * Calling this method evaluates the expression and returns the value
+          * of the expression as integer and thus behaves similar to the previous
+          * method, however this overridden method automatically takes unit
+          * prefixes into account and returns a converted value corresponding to
+          * the given unit @a prefix expected by the caller.
+          *
+          * Example: Assume this expression was an integer expression '12kHz'
+          * then calling this method as @c evalCastInt(VM_MILLI) would return
+          * the value @c 12000000.
+          *
+          * @param prefix - measuring unit prefix expected for result by caller
+          */
+         vmint evalCastInt(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * This method behaves like the previous method, just that it takes a
+          * measuring unit prefix with two elements (e.g. "milli cents" for
+          * tuning).
+          *
+          * @param prefix1 - 1st measuring unit prefix element expected by caller
+          * @param prefix2 - 2nd measuring unit prefix element expected by caller
+          */
+         vmint evalCastInt(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+         /**
+          * Calling this method evaluates the expression and returns the value
+          * of the expression as real number. If this scalar number expression is
+          * an integer expression then this method automatically casts the value
+          * from integer to real number.
+          */
+         vmfloat evalCastReal();
+         /**
+          * Calling this method evaluates the expression and returns the value
+          * of the expression as real number and thus behaves similar to the
+          * previous method, however this overridden method automatically takes
+          * unit prefixes into account and returns a converted value
+          * corresponding to the given unit @a prefix expected by the caller.
+          *
+          * Example: Assume this expression was an integer expression '8ms' then
+          * calling this method as @c evalCastReal(VM_NO_PREFIX) would return the
+          * value @c 0.008.
+          *
+          * @param prefix - measuring unit prefix expected for result by caller
+          */
+         vmfloat evalCastReal(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * This method behaves like the previous method, just that it takes a
+          * measuring unit prefix with two elements (e.g. "milli cents" for
+          * tuning).
+          *
+          * @param prefix1 - 1st measuring unit prefix element expected by caller
+          * @param prefix2 - 2nd measuring unit prefix element expected by caller
+          */
+         vmfloat evalCastReal(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+     };
      /** @brief Virtual machine integer expression
       *
       * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
-Line 336 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 579 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * abstract method evalInt() to return the actual integer result value of
       * the expression.
       */
-     class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMExpr, virtual public VMUnit {
+     class VMIntExpr : virtual public VMNumberExpr {
      public:
          /**
           * Returns the result of this expression as integer (scalar) value.
-Line 365 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 608 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * Returns always INT_EXPR for instances of this class.
           */
          ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_EXPR; }
+     };
+     /** @brief Virtual machine real number (floating point scalar) expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to a real number (floating point scalar) value. Deriving classes
+      * implement the abstract method evalReal() to return the actual floating
+      * point result value of the expression.
+      */
+     class VMRealExpr : virtual public VMNumberExpr {
+     public:
          /**
-          * Returns @c true if the value of this expression should be applied
+          * Returns the result of this expression as real number (floating point
-          * as final value to the respective destination synthesis chain
+          * scalar) value. This abstract method must be implemented by deriving
-          * parameter.
+          * classes.
-          *
+          */
-          * This property is somewhat special and dedicated for the purpose of
+         virtual vmfloat evalReal() = 0;
-          * this expression's integer value to be applied as parameter to the
-          * synthesis chain of the sampler (i.e. for altering a filter cutoff
+         /**
-          * frequency). Now historically and by default all values of scripts are
+          * Returns the result of this expression as real number (floating point
-          * applied relatively to the sampler's synthesis chain, that is the
+          * scalar) value and thus behaves similar to the previous method,
-          * synthesis parameter value of a script is multiplied against other
+          * however this overridden method automatically takes unit prefixes into
-          * sources for the same synthesis parameter (i.e. an LFO or a dedicated
+          * account and returns a value corresponding to the expected given unit
-          * MIDI controller either hard wired in the engine or defined by the
+          * @a prefix.
-          * instrument patch). So by default the resulting actual final synthesis
-          * parameter is a combination of all these sources. This has the
-          * advantage that it creates a very living and dynamic overall sound.
           *
-          * However sometimes there are requirements by script authors where this
+          * @param prefix - default measurement unit prefix expected by caller
-          * is not what you want. Therefore the NKSP script engine added a
-          * language extension by prefixing a value in scripts with a @c !
-          * character the value will be defined as being the "final" value of the
-          * destination synthesis parameter, so that causes this value to be
-          * applied exclusively, and the values of all other sources are thus
-          * entirely ignored by the sampler's synthesis core as long as this
-          * value is assigned by the script engine as "final" value for the
-          * requested synthesis parameter.
           */
-         virtual bool isFinal() const = 0;
+         vmfloat evalReal(MetricPrefix_t prefix);
+         /**
+          * This method behaves like the previous method, just that it takes
+          * a default measurement prefix with two elements (i.e. "milli cents"
+          * for tuning).
+          */
+         vmfloat evalReal(MetricPrefix_t prefix1, MetricPrefix_t prefix2);
+         /**
+          * Returns always REAL_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return REAL_EXPR; }
      };
      /** @brief Virtual machine string expression
-Line 433 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 687 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual vmint arraySize() const = 0;
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual Machine Number Array Expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions which either evaluate
+      * to an integer array or real number array.
+      */
+     class VMNumberArrayExpr : virtual public VMArrayExpr {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the metric unit factor of the requested array element.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          * @see VMUnit::unitFactor() for details about metric unit factors
+          */
+         virtual vmfloat unitFactorOfElement(vmuint i) const = 0;
+         /**
+          * Changes the current unit factor of the array element given by element
+          * index @a i.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          * @param factor - new unit factor to be assigned
+          * @see VMUnit::unitFactor() for details about metric unit factors
+          */
+         virtual void assignElementUnitFactor(vmuint i, vmfloat factor) = 0;
+     };
      /** @brief Virtual Machine Integer Array Expression
       *
       * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
-Line 440 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 720 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       * abstract methods arraySize(), evalIntElement() and assignIntElement() to
       * access the individual integer array values.
       */
-     class VMIntArrayExpr : virtual public VMArrayExpr {
+     class VMIntArrayExpr : virtual public VMNumberArrayExpr {
      public:
          /**
           * Returns the (scalar) integer value of the array element given by
-Line 465 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 745 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return INT_ARR_EXPR; }
      };
+     /** @brief Virtual Machine Real Number Array Expression
+      *
+      * This is the abstract base class for all expressions inside scripts which
+      * evaluate to an array of real numbers (floating point values). Deriving
+      * classes implement the abstract methods arraySize(), evalRealElement() and
+      * assignRealElement() to access the array's individual real numbers.
+      */
+     class VMRealArrayExpr : virtual public VMNumberArrayExpr {
+     public:
+         /**
+          * Returns the (scalar) real mumber (floating point value) of the array
+          * element given by element index @a i.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          */
+         virtual vmfloat evalRealElement(vmuint i) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Changes the current value of an element (given by array element
+          * index @a i) of this real number array.
+          *
+          * @param i - array element index (must be between 0 .. arraySize() - 1)
+          * @param value - new real number value to be assigned to that array element
+          */
+         virtual void assignRealElement(vmuint i, vmfloat value) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Returns always REAL_ARR_EXPR for instances of this class.
+          */
+         ExprType_t exprType() const OVERRIDE { return REAL_ARR_EXPR; }
+     };
      /** @brief Arguments (parameters) for being passed to a built-in script function.
       *
       * An argument or a set of arguments passed to a script function are
-Line 545 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 857 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          /**
           * Script data type of the function's return value. If the function does
           * not return any value (void), then it returns EMPTY_EXPR here.
+          *
+          * Some functions may have a different return type depending on the
+          * arguments to be passed to this function. That's what the @a args
+          * parameter is for, so that the method implementation can look ahead
+          * of what kind of parameters are going to be passed to the built-in
+          * function later on in order to decide which return value type would
+          * be used and returned by the function accordingly in that case.
+          *
+          * @param args - function arguments going to be passed for executing
+          *               this built-in function later on
+          */
+         virtual ExprType_t returnType(VMFnArgs* args) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Standard measuring unit type of the function's result value
+          * (e.g. second, Hertz).
+          *
+          * Some functions may have a different standard measuring unit type for
+          * their return value depending on the arguments to be passed to this
+          * function. That's what the @a args parameter is for, so that the
+          * method implementation can look ahead of what kind of parameters are
+          * going to be passed to the built-in function later on in order to
+          * decide which return value type would be used and returned by the
+          * function accordingly in that case.
+          *
+          * @param args - function arguments going to be passed for executing
+          *               this built-in function later on
+          * @see Unit for details about standard measuring units
+          */
+         virtual StdUnit_t returnUnitType(VMFnArgs* args) = 0;
+         /**
+          * Whether the result value returned by this built-in function is
+          * considered to be a 'final' value.
+          *
+          * Some functions may have a different 'final' feature for their return
+          * value depending on the arguments to be passed to this function.
+          * That's what the @a args parameter is for, so that the method
+          * implementation can look ahead of what kind of parameters are going to
+          * be passed to the built-in function later on in order to decide which
+          * return value type would be used and returned by the function
+          * accordingly in that case.
+          *
+          * @param args - function arguments going to be passed for executing
+          *               this built-in function later on
+          * @see VMNumberExpr::isFinal() for details about 'final' values
           */
-         virtual ExprType_t returnType() = 0;
+         virtual bool returnsFinal(VMFnArgs* args) = 0;
          /**
           * Minimum amount of function arguments this function accepts. If a
-Line 656 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1014 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           * @return true if a "final" value would be accepted for the respective
           *         function argument by the function
           *
-          * @see VMIntExpr::isFinal()
+          * @see VMNumberExpr::isFinal(), returnsFinal()
           */
          virtual bool acceptsArgFinal(vmint iArg) const;
-Line 676 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1034 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          virtual bool modifiesArg(vmint iArg) const = 0;
          /**
+          * This method is called by the parser to let the built-in function
+          * perform its own, individual parse time checks on the arguments to be
+          * passed to the built-in function. So this method is the place for
+          * implementing custom checks which are very specific to the individual
+          * built-in function's purpose and its individual requirements.
+          *
+          * For instance the built-in 'in_range()' function uses this method to
+          * check whether the last 2 of their 3 arguments are of same data type
+          * and if not it triggers a parser error. 'in_range()' also checks
+          * whether all of its 3 arguments do have the same standard measuring
+          * unit type and likewise raises a parser error if not.
+          *
+          * For less critical issues built-in functions may also raise parser
+          * warnings instead.
+          *
+          * It is recommended that classes implementing (that is overriding) this
+          * method should always call their super class's implementation of this
+          * method to ensure their potential parse time checks are always
+          * performed as well.
+          *
+          * @param args - function arguments going to be passed for executing
+          *               this built-in function later on
+          * @param err - the parser's error handler to be called by this method
+          *              implementation to trigger a parser error with the
+          *              respective error message text
+          * @param wrn - the parser's warning handler to be called by this method
+          *              implementation to trigger a parser warning with the
+          *              respective warning message text
+          */
+         virtual void checkArgs(VMFnArgs* args,
+                                std::function<void(String)> err,
+                                std::function<void(String)> wrn);
+         /**
           * Implements the actual function execution. This exec() method is
           * called by the VM whenever this function implementation shall be
           * executed at script runtime. This method blocks until the function
-Line 961 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1353 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Built-in VM 8 bit integer array variable.
       *
       * Used for defining built-in integer array script variables (8 bit per
-      * array element). Currently there is no support for any other kind of array
+      * array element). Currently there is no support for any other kind of
-      * type. So all integer arrays of scripts use 8 bit data types.
+      * built-in array type. So all built-in integer arrays accessed by scripts
+      * use 8 bit data types.
       */
      struct VMInt8Array {
          int8_t* data;
-Line 974 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1367 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      /** @brief Virtual machine script variable.
       *
-      * Common interface for all variables accessed in scripts.
+      * Common interface for all variables accessed in scripts, independent of
+      * their precise data type.
       */
      class VMVariable : virtual public VMExpr {
      public:
-Line 995 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1389 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
           */
          virtual void assignExpr(VMExpr* expr) = 0;
      };
      /** @brief Dynamically executed variable (abstract base class).
       *
       * Interface for the implementation of a dynamically generated content of
-Line 1069 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1463 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
       */
      class VMDynIntVar : virtual public VMDynVar, virtual public VMIntExpr {
      public:
-         MetricPrefix_t unitPrefix(vmuint i) const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_PREFIX; }
+         vmfloat unitFactor() const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_FACTOR; }
          StdUnit_t unitType() const OVERRIDE { return VM_NO_UNIT; }
          bool isFinal() const OVERRIDE { return false; }
      };
-Line 1351 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1745 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
              case EMPTY_EXPR: return "empty";
              case INT_EXPR: return "integer";
              case INT_ARR_EXPR: return "integer array";
+             case REAL_EXPR: return "real number";
+             case REAL_ARR_EXPR: return "real number array";
              case STRING_EXPR: return "string";
              case STRING_ARR_EXPR: return "string array";
          }
-Line 1358 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1754 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
      }
      /**
+      * Returns @c true in case the passed data type is some array data type.
+      */
+     inline bool isArray(const ExprType_t& type) {
+         return type == INT_ARR_EXPR || type == REAL_ARR_EXPR ||
+                type == STRING_ARR_EXPR;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns @c true in case the passed data type is some scalar number type
+      * (i.e. not an array and not a string).
+      */
+     inline bool isNumber(const ExprType_t& type) {
+         return type == INT_EXPR || type == REAL_EXPR;
+     }
+     /**
       * Convenience function used for converting an StdUnit_t constant to a
       * string, i.e. for generating error message by the parser.
       */
-Line 1476 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
+Line 1888 
 namespace LinuxSampler {
          // extended types
          bool isIntegerVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an integer variable name (i.e. "$someIntVariable").
+         bool isRealVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a floating point variable name (i.e. "~someRealVariable").
          bool isStringVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an string variable name (i.e. "\@someStringVariable").
-         bool isArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an array variable name (i.e. "%someArryVariable").
+         bool isIntArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an integer array variable name (i.e. "%someArrayVariable").
+         bool isRealArrayVariable() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents a real number array variable name (i.e. "?someArrayVariable").
+         bool isArrayVariable() const DEPRECATED_API; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an @b integer array variable name (i.e. "%someArrayVariable"). @deprecated This method will be removed, use isIntArrayVariable() instead.
          bool isEventHandlerName() const; ///< Returns true in case this source token represents an event handler name (i.e. "note", "release", "controller").
          VMSourceToken& operator=(const VMSourceToken& other);

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