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1 <html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Appendix A. GNU Free Documentation License</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.0"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="appendix" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="gfdl"></a>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div><div><p class="releaseinfo">Version 1.2, November 2002</p></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a name="gfdl-legalnotice"></a><div class="address"><p>Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br>
2  <span class="street">51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor</span>,<br>
3  <span class="city">Boston</span>,<br>
4  <span class="state">MA</span><br>
5  <span class="postcode">02110-1301</span><br>
6  <span class="country">USA</span><br>
7  </p></div><p>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
8 of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">Version 1.2, November 2002</p></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-0">PREAMBLE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-1">APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-2">VERBATIM COPYING</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-3">COPYING IN QUANTITY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-4">MODIFICATIONS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-5">COMBINING DOCUMENTS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-6">COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-7">AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-8">TRANSLATION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-9">TERMINATION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-10">FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-addendum">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for
9 your documents</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-0"></a>PREAMBLE</h2></div></div></div><p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
10 other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
11 assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with
12 or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
13 Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way
14 to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for
15 modifications made by others.</p><p>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
16 works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
17 complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license
18 designed for free software.</p><p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
19 free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
20 program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
21 software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it
22 can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
23 whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
24 principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-1"></a>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</h2></div></div></div><p><a name="gfdl-doc"></a>This License applies to any manual or other work, in
25 any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
26 it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice
27 grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use
28 that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
29 refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
30 licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
31 copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under
32 copyright law.</p><p><a name="gfdl-mod-ver"></a>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any
33 work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim,
34 or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</p><p><a name="gfdl-secnd-sect"></a>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or
35 a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
36 relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
37 Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing
38 that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the
39 Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may
40 not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of
41 historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of
42 legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position
43 regarding them.</p><p><a name="gfdl-inv-sect"></a>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary
44 Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant
45 Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under
46 this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
47 Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The
48 Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not
49 identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.</p><p><a name="gfdl-cov-text"></a>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of
50 text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the
51 notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A
52 Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at
53 most 25 words.</p><p><a name="gfdl-transparent"></a>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a
54 machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is
55 available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the
56 document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images
57 composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
58 available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
59 formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable
60 for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent
61 file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to
62 thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not
63 Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any
64 substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called
65 "Opaque".</p><p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
66 ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or
67 XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML,
68 PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
69 transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
70 include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
71 proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
72 processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated
73 HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output
74 purposes only.</p><p><a name="gfdl-title-page"></a>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book,
75 the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold,
76 legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page.
77 For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
78 Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's
79 title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</p><p><a name="gfdl-entitled"></a>A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit
80 of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in
81 parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language.
82 (Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
83 "Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To
84 "Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
85 means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
86 definition.</p><p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
87 which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty
88 Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License,
89 but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that
90 these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the
91 meaning of this License.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-2"></a>VERBATIM COPYING</h2></div></div></div><p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
92 commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
93 copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to
94 the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other
95 conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
96 technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying
97 of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
98 compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
99 number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
100 </p><p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above,
101 and you may publicly display copies.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-3"></a>COPYING IN QUANTITY</h2></div></div></div><p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
102 have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
103 Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
104 copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts:
105 Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back
106 cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the
107 publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title
108 with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add
109 other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited
110 to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and
111 satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other
112 respects.</p><p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
113 legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
114 reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
115 pages.</p><p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
116 numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
117 Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each
118 Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
119 network-using public has access to download using public-standard
120 network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of
121 added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably
122 prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity,
123 to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the
124 stated location until at least one year after the last time you
125 distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers)
126 of that edition to the public.</p><p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
127 the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to
128 give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
129 Document.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-4"></a>MODIFICATIONS</h2></div></div></div><p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document
130 under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you
131 release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the
132 Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing
133 distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever
134 possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the
135 Modified Version:</p><div class="orderedlist"><a name="gfdl-modif-cond"></a><p class="title"><b>GNU FDL Modification Conditions</b></p><ol type="A"><li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a
136 title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
137 versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History
138 section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous
139 version if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
140 </li><li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more
141 persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in
142 the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
143 authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer
144 than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
145 </li><li>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of
146 the Modified Version, as the publisher.</li><li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
147 </li><li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
148 modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
149 </li><li>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a
150 license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified
151 Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
152 <a href="#gfdl-addendum" title="ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents">Addendum</a> below.
153 </li><li>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of
154 Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
155 license notice.</li><li>Include an unaltered copy of this License.
156 </li><li>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its
157 Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new
158 authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
159 Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document,
160 create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
161 Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the
162 Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
163 </li><li>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the
164 Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
165 likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
166 versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
167 section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
168 published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
169 original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
170 </li><li>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or
171 "Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
172 section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
173 acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
174 </li><li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document,
175 unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
176 equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
177 </li><li>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements".
178 Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version.
179 </li><li>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled
180 "Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
181 </li><li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
182 </li></ol></div><p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
183 appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
184 copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all
185 of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the
186 list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice.
187 These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</p><p>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it
188 contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
189 parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
190 been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
191 standard.</p><p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
192 and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
193 list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
194 Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through
195 arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes
196 a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by
197 arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may
198 not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission
199 from the previous publisher that added the old one.</p><p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
200 License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to
201 assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-5"></a>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</h2></div></div></div><p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under
202 this License, under the terms defined in <a href="#gfdl-4" title="MODIFICATIONS">section
203 4</a> above for modified versions, provided that you include in the
204 combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original
205 documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your
206 combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their
207 Warranty Disclaimers.</p><p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
208 multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
209 copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
210 different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding
211 at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or
212 publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the
213 same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections
214 in the license notice of the combined work.</p><p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
215 "History" in the various original documents, forming one section
216 Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
217 "Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must
218 delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-6"></a>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</h2></div></div></div><p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
219 documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies
220 of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is
221 included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this
222 License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other
223 respects.</p><p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
224 distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
225 copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
226 License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
227 document.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-7"></a>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</h2></div></div></div><p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
228 separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a
229 storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the
230 copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal
231 rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works
232 permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does
233 not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
234 derivative works of the Document.</p><p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
235 copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
236 the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers
237 that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic
238 equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise
239 they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole
240 aggregate.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-8"></a>TRANSLATION</h2></div></div></div><p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
241 distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
242 Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
243 permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
244 translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
245 original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
246 translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
247 Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include
248 the original English version of this License and the original versions
249 of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the
250 translation and the original version of this License or a notice or
251 disclaimer, the original version will prevail.</p><p>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
252 "Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its
253 Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
254 title.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-9"></a>TERMINATION</h2></div></div></div><p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
255 except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt
256 to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will
257 automatically terminate your rights under this License. However,
258 parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License
259 will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain
260 in full compliance.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-10"></a>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</h2></div></div></div><p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of
261 the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
262 will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
263 detail to address new problems or concerns. See
264 http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.</p><p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version
265 number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of
266 this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option
267 of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version
268 or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
269 Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
270 number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
271 as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-addendum"></a>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for
272 your documents</h2></div></div></div><p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy
273 of the License in the document and put the following copyright and
274 license notices just after the title page:</p><div class="blockquote"><a name="copyright-sample"></a><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="blockquote-title"><p><b>Sample Invariant Sections list</b></p></div><p>
275 Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME.
276 Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
277 under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
278 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
279 with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
280 A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
281 Free Documentation License".
282 </p></blockquote></div><p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover
283 Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</p><div class="blockquote"><a name="inv-cover-sample"></a><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="blockquote-title"><p><b>Sample Invariant Sections list</b></p></div><p>
284 with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
285 Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
286 </p></blockquote></div><p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
287 combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the
288 situation.</p><p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we
289 recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free
290 software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit
291 their use in free software.</p></div></div></body></html>

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