manual/docbook/jsampler.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE book PUBLIC "-//OASIS//DTD DocBook XML V4.5//EN"
"http://www.oasis-open.org/docbook/xml/4.5/docbookx.dtd">
<book>
  <title>JSampler Manual</title>

  <bookinfo>
    <author>
      <firstname>by Grigor</firstname>

      <surname>Iliev</surname>
    </author>

    <copyright>
      <year>2008</year>

      <holder>Grigor Iliev &lt;grigor@grigoriliev.com&gt;</holder>
    </copyright>

    <legalnotice>
      <para>This document is released under the terms of the <ulink
      url="gfdl.html">GNU Free Documentation License</ulink>.</para>
    </legalnotice>

    <pubdate>Updated: Tue, 26 August 2008</pubdate>
  </bookinfo>

  <chapter id="INTRODUCTION">
    <title>Introduction</title>

    <section id="WHAT_IS_JSAMPLER">
      <title>What is JSampler?</title>

      <para>JSampler is an opensource, platform-independent, GUI front-end for
      <ulink url="http://www.linuxsampler.org">LinuxSampler</ulink>, written
      entirely in <ulink url="http://java.sun.com">Java</ulink>. The main goal
      of the JSampler's design is to be extensible and more flexible regarding
      the integration of different GUI implementations. JSampler consists of
      two parts:</para>

      <para><itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>JSampler core - handles the LSCP command processing and
            event notifications, sent by LinuxSampler, and provides convenient
            data models and controllers to be used instead. The core also
            provides the necessary interfaces that should be implemented by
            all JSamler views.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>JSampler view - an extension to the JSampler core, which
            provides the user interface part of JSampler.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>The main reason for that is the TCP/IP based
      communication between the LinuxSampler and its front-ends, enabling the
      sampler to be controlled from another computer or device, which may have
      different display requirements and limitations.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="WHAT_IS_JSAMPLER_DISTRIBUTION">
      <title>What is a JSampler distribution?</title>

      <para>A JSampler distribution consist of the JSampler core and at least
      one view, providing the GUI implementation. Each distribution has its
      own name, which is based on the integrated view extension. Currently,
      there are two distributions:</para>

      <para><itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para>JS Classic - A distribution with a standard GUI, capable of
            controlling all features available in LinuxSampler at the time of
            this writing. JS Classic also provides some additional features to
            facilitate the every day work with the sampler and to automate the
            most frequently used configurations.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para>Fantasia - A distribution with a modern skin based view
            (initial graphic design by Olivier Boyer).</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist></para>
    </section>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="SCREENSHOTS">
    <title>Screenshots</title>

    <para>JS Classic with left pane, LS console, statusbar and toolbars</para>

    <para><ulink url="images/js-classic1.png"><inlinegraphic
    fileref="images/js-classic1-preview.png" /></ulink></para>

    <para>JS Classic without left pane, LS console, statusbar and
    toolbars</para>

    <para><ulink url="images/js-classic2.png"><inlinegraphic
    fileref="images/js-classic2-preview.png" /></ulink></para>

    <para>Fantasia</para>

    <para><ulink url="images/fantasia.png"><inlinegraphic
    fileref="images/fantasia-preview.png" /></ulink></para>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="INSTALLATION">
    <title>Installation</title>

    <para></para>

    <section id="DOWNLOAD">
      <title>What to download?</title>

      <para>Currently, there are two distributions available for download -
      <ulink
      url="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/jsampler/JS_Classic-0.8a.jar">JS
      Classic</ulink> and <ulink
      url="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/jsampler/Fantasia-0.8a.jar">Fantasia</ulink>.</para>

      <para>The source code is available in the <ulink
      url="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/jsampler/JSampler-0.8a.tar.bz2">JSampler
      package</ulink>, which also contains this manual and startup scripts
      that can be used to run a particular JSampler distribution.</para>

      <para>The latest source code can be obtained from cvs with the following
      command:</para>

      <para><command>cvs -z3
      -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.linuxsampler.org:/var/cvs/linuxsampler co
      jsampler</command></para>
    </section>

    <section id="REQUIREMENTS">
      <title lang="" xreflabel="">Requirements</title>

      <para>To run JSampler you need Java Runtime Environment (JRE) version 6
      or higher. The latest version can be downloaded from <ulink
      url="http://java.sun.com/javase/downloads/">here</ulink>.</para>

      <para>To build JSampler distribution from source you need JDK version
      6.0 or higher and the <ulink url="http://ant.apache.org/">Ant
      tool</ulink>.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="RUNNING_JSAMPLER">
      <title>Running a JSampler distribution</title>

      <para>Let's assume that you want to run from the command line
      <code>JS_Classic-0.8a.jar</code>, which is located in
      <code>/home/me/soft</code> directory. First you should check whether the
      <code>java</code> command is in your path and the version requirements
      are met. This can be done by issuing the following command:</para>

      <para><command>java -version</command></para>

      <para>If the version is 1.6.0 or higher you can run JS Classic by
      issuing the following command:</para>

      <para><command>java -jar
      /home/me/soft/JS_Classic-0.8a.jar</command></para>

      <para>Otherwise, if the shell response is something like</para>

      <para><command>bash: java: command not found</command></para>

      <para>or the version requirements are not met, make sure that you have
      installed JRE (or JDK) with the proper version and find its
      location:</para>

      <para><literallayout><command>updatedb
locate bin/java</command></literallayout></para>

      <para>The shell should return something like:</para>

      <para><literallayout><command>/opt/jdk1.6.0/bin/java
/opt/jdk1.6.0/bin/javac
/opt/jdk1.6.0/bin/javadoc
/opt/jdk1.6.0/bin/javah
/opt/jdk1.6.0/bin/javap
/opt/jdk1.6.0/jre/bin/java
/usr/bin/java</command></literallayout></para>

      <para>Now, we know that we have a JDK with a proper version installed
      and its location is <code>/opt/jdk1.6.0</code>. In that case, to run JS
      Classic issue the following command:</para>

      <para><command>/opt/jdk1.6.0/bin/java -jar
      /home/me/soft/JS_Classic-0.8a.jar</command></para>

      <para><note>
          <para>On some systems double clicking on the jar file will be
          enough.</para>
        </note></para>
    </section>

    <section id="USING_SCRIPT">
      <title>Using a script to run a JSampler distribution</title>

      <para>There are scripts In the <code>scripts</code> directory of the
      <ulink
      url="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/jsampler/JSampler-0.8a.tar.bz2">JSampler
      package</ulink> that, with a little adjustments (if needed), can be used
      to run a JSampler distribution. Copy them to a desired location and edit
      with your preferred editor.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="GNOME_JAR_ASSOCIATIONS">
      <title>Telling Gnome how to handle jar files</title>

      <para>This configuration is optional, but necessary if you want to run
      jar files by (double) clicking on them. In Gnome, by default jar files
      are opened with the Archive Manager. To change that, run a file browser,
      right click on an arbitrary jar file and choose
      <guimenu>Properties</guimenu>, than go to the <guilabel>Open
      With</guilabel> tab and click the <guibutton>Add</guibutton>
      button.</para>

      <para><graphic fileref="images/file-properties.png" /></para>

      <para>In the <guilabel>Add Application</guilabel> dialog click onto
      <guilabel>Use a custom command</guilabel> label and a text field will
      appear below. If the location of your JRE is <code>/opt/jre1.6.0</code>,
      then enter the following command in the text box:</para>

      <para><command>/opt/jre1.6.0/bin/java -jar</command></para>

      <para>And then click the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button.</para>

      <para><graphic fileref="images/add-application.png" /></para>
    </section>

    <section id="GNOME_LAUNCHER">
      <title>Adding an application launcher to a Gnome panel</title>

      <para>To add an application launcher to a Gnome panel, right click on
      the panel and choose <guimenu>Add to Panel</guimenu>.</para>

      <para><graphic fileref="images/add-to-panel.png" /></para>

      <para>Then select <guilabel>Custom Application Launcher</guilabel> and
      click the <guibutton>Add</guibutton> button. In the
      <guilabel>Command</guilabel> field, of the <guilabel>Create
      Launcher</guilabel> dialog, fill in the exact command that you use to
      run the JSampler. For more information on how to run a JSampler
      distribution from the command line <link
      linkend="RUNNING_JSAMPLER">click here</link>.</para>

      <para><graphic
      fileref="images/add-to-panel-create-launcher.png" /></para>
    </section>

    <section id="RUNING_ON_WINDOWS">
      <title>Running JSampler on Windows</title>

      <para>To run JSampler distribution on Windows, put a shortcut on the
      Desktop or Quick Launch, right click on the shortcut and choose
      <guimenu>Properties</guimenu>. In the <guilabel>Target</guilabel> field
      insert the command <code>javaw -jar</code> in the beginning.</para>

      <para><graphic fileref="images/win-shortcut.png" /></para>
    </section>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="BUILDING_FROM_SOURCE">
    <title>Building from source</title>

    <para>If you want to build a JSampler distribution from source, first make
    sure that all <link linkend="REQUIREMENTS">requirements</link> are
    met.</para>

    <section id="BUILDING_FROM_CVS">
      <title>Building from CVS</title>

      <para>When building from CVS, there are some additional steps that
      should be done. JSampler uses two additional libraries, that should be
      downloaded and placed in the <code>lib/required</code> directory:</para>

      <para><itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><ulink
            url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/jlscp/">jlscp</ulink> - A
            java LinuxSampler control protocol API</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><ulink
            url="http://sourceforge.net/projects/juife/">juife</ulink> - Java
            User Interface Framework Extensions</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist>Download these libraries, create a
      <code>lib/required</code> directory in the JSampler root and copy the
      <code>jlscp.jar</code> and <code>juife.jar</code> files in that
      directory:</para>

      <para><literallayout><command>cd /home/me/soft
wget -c http://downloads.sourceforge.net/jlscp/jlscp-0.7a.tar.bz2
tar -xjf jlscp-0.7a.tar.bz2
wget -c http://downloads.sourceforge.net/juife/juife-0.4a.tar.bz2
tar -xjf juife-0.4a.tar.bz2
cvs -z3 -d:pserver:anonymous@cvs.linuxsampler.org:/var/cvs/linuxsampler co jsampler
cd jsampler
mkdirhier lib/required
cp ../jlscp-0.5a/lib/jlscp.jar lib/required/jlscp.jar
cp ../juife-0.4a/lib/juife.jar lib/required/juife.jar</command></literallayout></para>

      <tip>
        <para>In most cases it is sufficient just to copy the
        <command>lib</command> directory from the last release, but first
        check if there are some significant recent changes to those
        libraries.</para>
      </tip>

      <para>Then follow the steps in the next section.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="COMPILATION">
      <title>Compilation</title>

      <para>To build a JSampler distribution, first set the
      <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment variable to point to your JDK
      directory. If the JDK is installed in /opt/jdk1.6.0 directory, this can
      be done by issuing the following command:</para>

      <para><command>export JAVA_HOME=/opt/jdk1.6.0</command></para>

      <para>Windows users should do something like:</para>

      <para><command>set JAVA_HOME=c:\jdk1.6.0</command></para>

      <para>Go to the JSampler root directory and issue the following
      command:</para>

      <para><command>ant [target]</command></para>

      <para>Where <code>target</code> can be one of the following:</para>

      <para><itemizedlist>
          <listitem>
            <para><command>build-jsclassic</command> - Builds a JS Classic
            distribution.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><command>clean-jsclassic</command> - Removes the JS Classic
            distribution.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><command>build-fantasia</command> - Builds a Fantasia
            distribution.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><command>clean-fantasia</command> - Removes the Fantasia
            distribution.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><command>build-coredoc</command> - Generates the API
            documentation for the JSampler core.</para>
          </listitem>

          <listitem>
            <para><command>clean-coredoc</command> - Removes the API
            documentation for the JSampler core.</para>
          </listitem>
        </itemizedlist></para>

      <para>So, if you want to build a JS Classic distribution, just issue the
      following command:</para>

      <para><command>ant build-jsclassic</command></para>

      <para>Then copy the jar file from the <code>dist</code> directory to the
      desired location.</para>
    </section>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="USING_ORCHESTRAS">
    <title>Using Orchestras</title>

    <para>Orchestras feature is like bookmarks/favorites for instruments.
    Instead of having a thousands of unsorted instruments you can categorize
    your most used instruments for quick access by adding them to orchestras.
    You can create an arbitrary number of orchestras and in any orchestra you
    can add an arbitrary number of instruments.<note>
        <para>Orchestras are not handled by the back-end (LinuxSampler) and
        does not depend on the <guilabel>Instruments Database</guilabel>. The
        orchestras are handled by JSampler and are stored on the local machine
        in <code>&lt;jsampler-home&gt;/orchestras.xml</code>. To port the
        orchestras to another machine just copy that file.</para>
      </note></para>

    <section id="MANAGING_ORCHESTRAS">
      <title>Managing Orchestras</title>

      <para><guilabel>Manage Orchestras</guilabel> tool buttons:</para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/new16.png" /> <guilabel>Create new
      orchestra</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/edit16.png" /> <guilabel>Edit
      selected orchestra</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/delete16.png" /> <guilabel>Remove
      selected orchestra</guilabel></para>

      <para>To create a new orchestra, click on the
      <guilabel>Orchestras</guilabel> tab then click the <guibutton>Create new
      orchestra</guibutton> button in the <guilabel>Manage
      Orchestras</guilabel> tool:</para>

      <para><graphic align="center" fileref="images/new-orchestra.png" />Then
      choose orchestra name and description and click
      <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button.</para>

      <para>To remove an orchestra, select the orchestra and click the
      <guibutton>Remove selected orchestra</guibutton> button. To edit an
      orchestra, select the orchestra and click the <guibutton>Edit selected
      orchestra</guibutton> button, or just double-click the orchestra to
      edit.<tip>
          <para>To change the position of an orchestra in the orchestra list,
          select the orchestra and use <guilabel>Alt+Up Arrow</guilabel> and
          <guilabel>Alt+Down Arrow</guilabel> to move the selected orchestra
          up/down. You can also use <guilabel>Alt+Shift+Up Arow</guilabel> to
          move the selected orchestra on top and <guilabel>Alt+Shift+Down
          Arrow</guilabel> to move the selected orchestra to bottom.</para>
        </tip></para>

      <para></para>
    </section>

    <section id="MANAGING_INSTRUMENTS">
      <title>Managing Instruments</title>

      <para><guilabel>Managing Instruments</guilabel> tool buttons:</para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/new16.png" /> <guilabel>Add new
      instrument</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/edit16.png" /> <guilabel>Edit
      selected instrument</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/delete16.png" /> <guilabel>Remove
      selected instrument</guilabel></para>

      <para>To add a new instrument to orchestra, first select the desired
      orchestra from the combobox then click the <guilabel>Add new
      instrument</guilabel> button:</para>

      <para><graphic align="center"
      fileref="images/add-instrument-to-orchestra.png" /><tip>
          <para>The easiest way to add an instrument to orchestra is to
          right-click an instrument in the <guilabel>Instruments
          Database</guilabel>, then select <guimenu>Add To Orchestra</guimenu>
          and choose the orchestra to which to add the selected instrument.
          Note that you can select and add more than one instrument to
          orchestra at once.</para>
        </tip>To remove an instrument, select the instrument and click the
      <guibutton>Remove selected instrument</guibutton> button. To edit an
      instrument, select the instrument and click the <guibutton>Edit selected
      instrument</guibutton> button, or just double-click the instrument to
      edit.<tip>
          <para>To change the position of an instrument in the instrument
          list, select the instrument and use <guilabel>Alt+Up
          Arrow</guilabel> and <guilabel>Alt+Down Arrow</guilabel> to move the
          selected instrument up/down. You can also use <guilabel>Alt+Shift+Up
          Arow</guilabel> to move the selected instrument on top and
          <guilabel>Alt+Shift+Down Arrow</guilabel> to move the selected
          instrument to bottom.</para>
        </tip></para>
    </section>

    <section id="LOADING_ORCHESTRA_INSTRUMENTS">
      <title>Loading Instruments</title>

      <para>To load an instrument from orchestra to a sampler channel,
      right-click on the instrument, select <guimenu>Load
      Instrument</guimenu>, then choose on which channel to load the selected
      instrument. You can also load an instrument from orchestra to a sampler
      channel using the instrument chooser of the sampler channel - click
      <guilabel>Select instrument from orchestra</guilabel> radio button,
      choose orchestra and isntrument from the comboboxes and click
      <guibutton>OK</guibutton> button</para>
    </section>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="MIDI_INSTRUMENTS">
    <title>MIDI Instruments</title>

    <para>The sole purpose of the MIDI instrument mapping is to provide a way
    to change the loaded instrument on a specific sampler channel through the
    MIDI keyboard by switching to different MIDI bank/program. To do that you
    need at least one MIDI instrument map with MIDI instruments mapped for the
    desired MIDI banks/programs and to assign that map to the sampler channels
    which instruments should be switched using MIDI bank/program
    changes.</para>

    <para>Note that when stopping LinuxSampler all MIDI instrument mappings
    are gone forever, so it is crucial to export the MIDI instrument maps
    before quiting your session to be able to load them again next time you
    start LinuxSampler. This can be done by choosing
    <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>/<guimenu>Export</guimenu>/<guimenu>MIDI
    Instrument Maps</guimenu>.</para>

    <section>
      <title>Managing MIDI Instrument Maps</title>

      <para><guilabel>MIDI Instrument Maps</guilabel> tool buttons:</para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/new16.png" /> <guilabel>Add MIDI
      instrument map</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/edit16.png" /> <guilabel>Edit
      selected MIDI instrument map</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/delete16.png" /> <guilabel>Remove
      selected MIDI instrument map</guilabel></para>

      <para>To create a new MIDI instrument map, click the <guilabel>MIDI
      Instruments</guilabel> tab in the Left-Side pane then click the
      <guibutton>Add MIDI instrument map</guibutton> button.</para>

      <para><graphic fileref="images/add-midi-map.png" /></para>

      <para>Then choose map name and click <guibutton>OK</guibutton>
      button.</para>

      <para>To remove a map, select the map and click the <guibutton>Remove
      selected MIDI instrument map</guibutton> button. To edit a map, select
      the map and click the <guibutton>Edit selected MIDI instrument
      map</guibutton> button, or just double-click the map to edit.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Managing MIDI Instruments</title>

      <para><guilabel>Managing MIDI Instruments</guilabel> tool
      buttons:</para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/new16.png" /> <guilabel>Add new
      MIDI instrument</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/edit16.png" /> <guilabel>Edit
      selected MIDI instrument</guilabel></para>

      <para><inlinegraphic fileref="images/delete16.png" /> <guilabel>Remove
      selected MIDI instrument or bank</guilabel></para>

      <para>To map a MIDI instrument, first select the desired MIDI instrument
      map from the combobox then click the <guilabel>Add new MIDI
      instrument</guilabel> button:</para>

      <para><graphic align="center"
      fileref="images/map-midi-instrument.png" /><tip>
          <para>The <link linkend="INSTRUMENTS_DB_ADD_TO_MAP">easiest way to
          map a MIDI instrument</link> is from the <link
          linkend="INSTRUMENTS_DATABASE">Instruments Database</link>.</para>
        </tip>To remove a MIDI bank/instrument, select the MIDI
      bank/instrument and click the <guibutton>Remove selected MIDI instrument
      or bank</guibutton> button. To edit a MIDI instrument, select the MIDI
      instrument and click the <guibutton>Edit selected MIDI
      instrument</guibutton> button, or just double-click the MIDI instrument
      to edit.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Assigning MIDI Instrument Map To Sampler Channel</title>

      <para>To assign MIDI instrument map to specific sampler channel, click
      the <guibutton>Options</guibutton> button to expand the channel options
      pane then select the desired map from the <guilabel>MIDI Instrument
      Map</guilabel> combobox:</para>

      <para><graphic fileref="images/assign-midi-map.png" /></para>
    </section>
  </chapter>

  <chapter id="INSTRUMENTS_DATABASE">
    <title>Instruments Database</title>

    <para>The communication between LinuxSampler and its front-ends is TCP/IP
    based, which provides an option the sampler to be controlled from another
    computer or device, and while instrument loading is a regular task in the
    sampler, there should also be a convenient way to browse and load
    instruments (located on the sampler box) from a front-end launched on a
    remote host. This need is well covered by the <guilabel>Instruments
    Database</guilabel>. However, this is not the only purpose of the
    Instruments Database. It is a great tool that helps you to not get lost in
    your instrument collection, providing you a flexible way to create your
    own tree structure and to organize your instruments in more than one way,
    without moving or altering the instrument files located all over your hard
    drives. Another great feature is the search engine with enhanced search
    capabilities providing you fast and easy way of finding instruments by
    various criteria.</para>

    <para>It is crucial to understand that, unlike <link
    linkend="USING_ORCHESTRAS">Orchestras</link>, the Instruments Database is
    handled by LinuxSampler, not by JSampler, and by default the database file
    is located in <command>/var/lib/linuxsampler/instruments.db</command> on
    the host where the back-end is started.</para>

    <para>Note that you can have more than one instruments database and you
    can specify which one to be used on LinuxSampler startup. To create a new
    database file issue the following command:</para>

    <para><command>linuxsampler --create-instruments-db
    my_instruments.db</command></para>

    <para>which will create a new database file called
    <command>my_instruments.db</command> in the current directory.</para>

    <para>To start LinuxSampler using the newly created instruments database
    use the <command>--instruments-db-location</command> option:</para>

    <para><command>linuxsampler --instruments-db-location
    my_instruments.db</command></para>

    <para>To backup the instruments database just copy the database
    file.</para>

    <section>
      <title>Adding Instruments To The Instruments Database</title>

      <para>Choose <guimenu>Window</guimenu> <guimenuitem>Instruments
      Database</guimenuitem> to bring up the Instruments Database window, or
      click the corresponding tool button. Initialy, the instruments database
      is empty, so you should manually create the desired directories and add
      instruments to them.</para>

      <para>To create a new directory, select the directory, in which the new
      directory should be created and choose
      <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>/<guimenu>Create Directory</guimenu>, or
      right-click a blank area and choose <guimenuitem>Create
      Directory</guimenuitem>.</para>

      <para>To add instruments to specific instruments database directory, go
      to that directory and select <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>/<guimenu>Add
      Instruments</guimenu> submenu, where you have two options - to scan a
      specific instrument file and add the instruments in that file to the
      instruments database or scan a file system directory for instrument
      files and add the instruments to the instruments database.</para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Manging Instruments And Directories</title>

      <para>Basic commands:</para>

      <para><command>Cut</command> -
      <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>/<guimenu>Cut</guimenu>, or right-click on a
      selected file or directory and choose <guibutton>Cut,</guibutton> or
      Ctrl+X</para>

      <para><command>Copy</command> -
      <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>/<guimenu>Copy</guimenu>, or right-click on a
      selected file or directory and choose <guibutton>Copy,</guibutton> or
      Ctrl+C</para>

      <para><command>Paste</command> -
      <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>/<guimenu>Paste</guimenu>, or right-click a blank
      area and choose <guibutton>Paste,</guibutton> or Ctrl+V</para>

      <para><command>Rename</command> -
      <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>/<guimenu>Rename</guimenu>, or right-click on a
      selected file or directory and choose <guibutton>Rename,</guibutton> or
      press <command>F2</command></para>

      <para><command>Delete</command> -
      <guimenu>Actions</guimenu>/<guimenu>Delete</guimenu>, or right-click on
      a selected file or directory and choose <guibutton>Delete,</guibutton>
      or press the <command>Delete</command> key from the keyboard</para>

      <para><tip>
          <para>This commands also work on a multiple selection.</para>
        </tip></para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Loading Instruments From The Instruments Database</title>

      <para>To load an instrument to a sampler channel from the Instruments
      Database, right-click on the instrument and choose <guimenu>Load
      Instrument</guimenu>, then choose the sampler channel where the
      instrument should be loaded to. Note that you need to have at least one
      sampler channel created, otherwise the <guimenu>Load
      Instrument</guimenu> submenu is disabled.</para>
    </section>

    <section id="INSTRUMENTS_DB_ADD_TO_MAP">
      <title>Adding Instruments To MIDI Instrument Map</title>

      <para>To add an instrument to MIDI instrument map from the Instruments
      Database, right-click on the instrument and choose <guimenu>Add To MIDI
      Map</guimenu>, then choose the MIDI instrument map to which to add the
      selected instrument. Note that you need to have at least one MIDI
      instrument map, otherwise the <guimenu>Add To MIDI Map</guimenu> submenu
      is disabled. For more info read <link linkend="MIDI_INSTRUMENTS">MIDI
      Instruments</link>.<tip>
          <para>To add more than one instrument from an instrument directory
          at a time, select the instruments and right-click on one of the
          selected instruments.</para>
        </tip></para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Adding Instruments To Orchestra From The Instruments
      Database</title>

      <para>To add an instrument to orchestra from the Instruments Database,
      right-click on the instrument and choose <guimenu>Add To
      Orchestra</guimenu>, then choose the orchestra to which to add the
      selected instrument. Note that you need to have at least one orchestra,
      otherwise the <guimenu>Add To Orchestra</guimenu> submenu is disabled.
      For more info read <link linkend="USING_ORCHESTRAS">Using
      Orchestras</link>.<tip>
          <para>To add more than one instrument from an instrument directory
          at a time, select the instruments and right-click on one of the
          selected instruments.</para>
        </tip></para>
    </section>

    <section>
      <title>Finding Instruments</title>

      <para>To start a search, choose
      <guimenu>Edit</guimenu>/<guimenu>Find</guimenu>, or Ctrl+F.</para>
    </section>
  </chapter>
</book>