/[svn]/libgig/trunk/src/DLS.cpp

Diff of /libgig/trunk/src/DLS.cpp

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-revision 317 by schoenebeck,
Sat Dec  4 14:13:49 2004 UTC
+revision 3926 by schoenebeck,
Tue Jun 15 10:16:40 2021 UTC
 Line 1
  /***************************************************************************
   *                                                                         *
-  *   libgig - C++ cross-platform Gigasampler format file loader library    *
+  *   libgig - C++ cross-platform Gigasampler format file access library    *
   *                                                                         *
-  *   Copyright (C) 2003, 2004 by Christian Schoenebeck                     *
+  *   Copyright (C) 2003-2021 by Christian Schoenebeck                      *
-  *                               <cuse@users.sourceforge.net>              *
+  *                              <cuse@users.sourceforge.net>               *
   *                                                                         *
   *   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify  *
   *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by  *
 Line 23
  #include "DLS.h"
+ #include <algorithm>
+ #include <vector>
+ #include <time.h>
+ #ifdef __APPLE__
+ #include <CoreFoundation/CFUUID.h>
+ #elif defined(HAVE_UUID_UUID_H)
+ #include <uuid/uuid.h>
+ #endif
+ #include "helper.h"
+ // macros to decode connection transforms
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_SRC(x)                   ((x >> 10) & 0x000F)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_CTL(x)                   ((x >> 4) & 0x000F)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_DST(x)                   (x & 0x000F)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_SRC(x)   (x & 0x4000)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_CTL(x)   (x & 0x0100)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_INVERT_SRC(x)    (x & 0x8000)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_INVERT_CTL(x)    (x & 0x0200)
+ // macros to encode connection transforms
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_SRC_ENCODE(x)                    ((x & 0x000F) << 10)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_CTL_ENCODE(x)                    ((x & 0x000F) << 4)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_DST_ENCODE(x)                    (x & 0x000F)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_SRC_ENCODE(x)    ((x) ? 0x4000 : 0)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_CTL_ENCODE(x)    ((x) ? 0x0100 : 0)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_INVERT_SRC_ENCODE(x)             ((x) ? 0x8000 : 0)
+ #define CONN_TRANSFORM_INVERT_CTL_ENCODE(x)             ((x) ? 0x0200 : 0)
+ #define DRUM_TYPE_MASK                  0x80000000
+ #define F_RGN_OPTION_SELFNONEXCLUSIVE   0x0001
+ #define F_WAVELINK_PHASE_MASTER         0x0001
+ #define F_WAVELINK_MULTICHANNEL         0x0002
+ #define F_WSMP_NO_TRUNCATION            0x0001
+ #define F_WSMP_NO_COMPRESSION           0x0002
+ #define MIDI_BANK_COARSE(x)             ((x & 0x00007F00) >> 8)                 // CC0
+ #define MIDI_BANK_FINE(x)               (x & 0x0000007F)                        // CC32
+ #define MIDI_BANK_MERGE(coarse, fine)   ((((uint16_t) coarse) << 7) | fine)     // CC0 + CC32
+ #define MIDI_BANK_ENCODE(coarse, fine)  (((coarse & 0x0000007F) << 8) | (fine & 0x0000007F))
  namespace DLS {
  // *************** Connection  ***************
-Line 42 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 87 
 namespace DLS {
          ControlBipolar       = CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_CTL(Header->transform);
      }
+     Connection::conn_block_t Connection::ToConnBlock() {
+         conn_block_t c;
+         c.source = Source;
+         c.control = Control;
+         c.destination = Destination;
+         c.scale = Scale;
+         c.transform = CONN_TRANSFORM_SRC_ENCODE(SourceTransform) |
+                       CONN_TRANSFORM_CTL_ENCODE(ControlTransform) |
+                       CONN_TRANSFORM_DST_ENCODE(DestinationTransform) |
+                       CONN_TRANSFORM_INVERT_SRC_ENCODE(SourceInvert) |
+                       CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_SRC_ENCODE(SourceBipolar) |
+                       CONN_TRANSFORM_INVERT_CTL_ENCODE(ControlInvert) |
+                       CONN_TRANSFORM_BIPOLAR_CTL_ENCODE(ControlBipolar);
+         return c;
+     }
  // *************** Articulation  ***************
  // *
-     Articulation::Articulation(RIFF::List* artList) {
+     /** @brief Constructor.
-         if (artList->GetListType() != LIST_TYPE_ART2 &&
+      *
-             artList->GetListType() != LIST_TYPE_ART1) {
+      * Expects an 'artl' or 'art2' chunk to be given where the articulation
-               throw DLS::Exception("<art1-list> or <art2-list> chunk expected");
+      * connections will be read from.
-         }
+      *
-         uint32_t headerSize = artList->ReadUint32();
+      * @param artl - pointer to an 'artl' or 'art2' chunk
-         Connections         = artList->ReadUint32();
+      * @throws Exception if no 'artl' or 'art2' chunk was given
-         artList->SetPos(headerSize);
+      */
+     Articulation::Articulation(RIFF::Chunk* artl) {
+         pArticulationCk = artl;
+         if (artl->GetChunkID() != CHUNK_ID_ART2 &&
+             artl->GetChunkID() != CHUNK_ID_ARTL) {
+               throw DLS::Exception("<artl-ck> or <art2-ck> chunk expected");
+         }
+         artl->SetPos(0);
+         HeaderSize  = artl->ReadUint32();
+         Connections = artl->ReadUint32();
+         artl->SetPos(HeaderSize);
          pConnections = new Connection[Connections];
          Connection::conn_block_t connblock;
-         for (uint32_t i = 0; i <= Connections; i++) {
+         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < Connections; i++) {
-             artList->Read(&connblock.source, 1, 2);
+             artl->Read(&connblock.source, 1, 2);
-             artList->Read(&connblock.control, 1, 2);
+             artl->Read(&connblock.control, 1, 2);
-             artList->Read(&connblock.destination, 1, 2);
+             artl->Read(&connblock.destination, 1, 2);
-             artList->Read(&connblock.transform, 1, 2);
+             artl->Read(&connblock.transform, 1, 2);
-             artList->Read(&connblock.scale, 1, 4);
+             artl->Read(&connblock.scale, 1, 4);
              pConnections[i].Init(&connblock);
          }
      }
-Line 72 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 145 
 namespace DLS {
         if (pConnections) delete[] pConnections;
      }
+     /**
+      * Apply articulation connections to the respective RIFF chunks. You
+      * have to call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      */
+     void Articulation::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         const int iEntrySize = 12; // 12 bytes per connection block
+         pArticulationCk->Resize(HeaderSize + Connections * iEntrySize);
+         uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) pArticulationCk->LoadChunkData();
+         store16(&pData[0], HeaderSize);
+         store16(&pData[2], Connections);
+         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < Connections; i++) {
+             Connection::conn_block_t c = pConnections[i].ToConnBlock();
+             store16(&pData[HeaderSize + i * iEntrySize],     c.source);
+             store16(&pData[HeaderSize + i * iEntrySize + 2], c.control);
+             store16(&pData[HeaderSize + i * iEntrySize + 4], c.destination);
+             store16(&pData[HeaderSize + i * iEntrySize + 6], c.transform);
+             store32(&pData[HeaderSize + i * iEntrySize + 8], c.scale);
+         }
+     }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Articulation object.
+      *
+      * At the moment Articulation::DeleteChunks() does nothing. It is
+      * recommended to call this method explicitly though from deriving classes's
+      * own overridden implementation of this method to avoid potential future
+      * compatiblity issues.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Articulation::DeleteChunks() {
+     }
  // *************** Articulator  ***************
-Line 100 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 207 
 namespace DLS {
          RIFF::List* lart = pParentList->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LAR2);
          if (!lart)  lart = pParentList->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LART);
          if (lart) {
-             uint32_t artCkType = (lart->GetListType() == LIST_TYPE_LAR2) ? LIST_TYPE_ART2
+             uint32_t artCkType = (lart->GetListType() == LIST_TYPE_LAR2) ? CHUNK_ID_ART2
-                                                                          : LIST_TYPE_ART1;
+                                                                          : CHUNK_ID_ARTL;
-             RIFF::List* art = lart->GetFirstSubList();
+             size_t i = 0;
-             while (art) {
+             for (RIFF::Chunk* art = lart->GetSubChunkAt(i); art;
-                 if (art->GetListType() == artCkType) {
+                  art = lart->GetSubChunkAt(++i))
+             {
+                 if (art->GetChunkID() == artCkType) {
                      if (!pArticulations) pArticulations = new ArticulationList;
                      pArticulations->push_back(new Articulation(art));
                  }
-                 art = lart->GetNextSubList();
              }
          }
      }
-Line 125 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 233 
 namespace DLS {
          }
      }
+     /**
+      * Apply all articulations to the respective RIFF chunks. You have to
+      * call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      */
+     void Articulator::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         if (pArticulations) {
+             ArticulationList::iterator iter = pArticulations->begin();
+             ArticulationList::iterator end  = pArticulations->end();
+             for (; iter != end; ++iter) {
+                 (*iter)->UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Articulator object.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Articulator::DeleteChunks() {
+         if (pArticulations) {
+             ArticulationList::iterator iter = pArticulations->begin();
+             ArticulationList::iterator end  = pArticulations->end();
+             for (; iter != end; ++iter) {
+                 (*iter)->DeleteChunks();
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     /**
+      * Not yet implemented in this version, since the .gig format does
+      * not need to copy DLS articulators and so far nobody used pure
+      * DLS instrument AFAIK.
+      */
+     void Articulator::CopyAssign(const Articulator* orig) {
+         //TODO: implement deep copy assignment for this class
+     }
  // *************** Info  ***************
  // *
+     /** @brief Constructor.
+      *
+      * Initializes the info strings with values provided by an INFO list chunk.
+      *
+      * @param list - pointer to a list chunk which contains an INFO list chunk
+      */
      Info::Info(RIFF::List* list) {
+         pFixedStringLengths = NULL;
+         pResourceListChunk = list;
          if (list) {
              RIFF::List* lstINFO = list->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_INFO);
              if (lstINFO) {
-Line 150 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 305 
 namespace DLS {
                  LoadString(CHUNK_ID_ISRC, lstINFO, Source);
                  LoadString(CHUNK_ID_ISRF, lstINFO, SourceForm);
                  LoadString(CHUNK_ID_ICMS, lstINFO, Commissioned);
+                 LoadString(CHUNK_ID_ISBJ, lstINFO, Subject);
              }
          }
      }
+     Info::~Info() {
+     }
+     /**
+      * Forces specific Info fields to be of a fixed length when being saved
+      * to a file. By default the respective RIFF chunk of an Info field
+      * will have a size analogue to its actual string length. With this
+      * method however this behavior can be overridden, allowing to force an
+      * arbitrary fixed size individually for each Info field.
+      *
+      * This method is used as a workaround for the gig format, not for DLS.
+      *
+      * @param lengths - NULL terminated array of string_length_t elements
+      */
+     void Info::SetFixedStringLengths(const string_length_t* lengths) {
+         pFixedStringLengths = lengths;
+     }
+     /** @brief Load given INFO field.
+      *
+      * Load INFO field from INFO chunk with chunk ID \a ChunkID from INFO
+      * list chunk \a lstINFO and save value to \a s.
+      */
+     void Info::LoadString(uint32_t ChunkID, RIFF::List* lstINFO, String& s) {
+         RIFF::Chunk* ck = lstINFO->GetSubChunk(ChunkID);
+         ::LoadString(ck, s); // function from helper.h
+     }
+     /** @brief Apply given INFO field to the respective chunk.
+      *
+      * Apply given info value to info chunk with ID \a ChunkID, which is a
+      * subchunk of INFO list chunk \a lstINFO. If the given chunk already
+      * exists, value \a s will be applied. Otherwise if it doesn't exist yet
+      * and either \a s or \a sDefault is not an empty string, such a chunk
+      * will be created and either \a s or \a sDefault will be applied
+      * (depending on which one is not an empty string, if both are not an
+      * empty string \a s will be preferred).
+      *
+      * @param ChunkID  - 32 bit RIFF chunk ID of INFO subchunk
+      * @param lstINFO  - parent (INFO) RIFF list chunk
+      * @param s        - current value of info field
+      * @param sDefault - default value
+      */
+     void Info::SaveString(uint32_t ChunkID, RIFF::List* lstINFO, const String& s, const String& sDefault) {
+         int size = 0;
+         if (pFixedStringLengths) {
+             for (int i = 0 ; pFixedStringLengths[i].length ; i++) {
+                 if (pFixedStringLengths[i].chunkId == ChunkID) {
+                     size = pFixedStringLengths[i].length;
+                     break;
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         RIFF::Chunk* ck = lstINFO->GetSubChunk(ChunkID);
+         ::SaveString(ChunkID, ck, lstINFO, s, sDefault, size != 0, size); // function from helper.h
+     }
+     /** @brief Update chunks with current info values.
+      *
+      * Apply current INFO field values to the respective INFO chunks. You
+      * have to call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      */
+     void Info::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         if (!pResourceListChunk) return;
+         // make sure INFO list chunk exists
+         RIFF::List* lstINFO   = pResourceListChunk->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_INFO);
+         String defaultName = "";
+         String defaultCreationDate = "";
+         String defaultSoftware = "";
+         String defaultComments = "";
+         uint32_t resourceType = pResourceListChunk->GetListType();
+         if (!lstINFO) {
+             lstINFO = pResourceListChunk->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_INFO);
+             // assemble default values
+             defaultName = "NONAME";
+             if (resourceType == RIFF_TYPE_DLS) {
+                 // get current date
+                 time_t now = time(NULL);
+                 tm* pNowBroken = localtime(&now);
+                 char buf[11];
+                 strftime(buf, 11, "%F", pNowBroken);
+                 defaultCreationDate = buf;
+                 defaultComments = "Created with " + libraryName() + " " + libraryVersion();
+             }
+             if (resourceType == RIFF_TYPE_DLS || resourceType == LIST_TYPE_INS)
+             {
+                 defaultSoftware = libraryName() + " " + libraryVersion();
+             }
+         }
+         // save values
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IARL, lstINFO, ArchivalLocation, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IART, lstINFO, Artists, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ICMS, lstINFO, Commissioned, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ICMT, lstINFO, Comments, defaultComments);
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ICOP, lstINFO, Copyright, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ICRD, lstINFO, CreationDate, defaultCreationDate);
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IENG, lstINFO, Engineer, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IGNR, lstINFO, Genre, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IKEY, lstINFO, Keywords, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IMED, lstINFO, Medium, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_INAM, lstINFO, Name, defaultName);
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_IPRD, lstINFO, Product, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ISBJ, lstINFO, Subject, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ISFT, lstINFO, Software, defaultSoftware);
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ISRC, lstINFO, Source, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ISRF, lstINFO, SourceForm, String(""));
+         SaveString(CHUNK_ID_ITCH, lstINFO, Technician, String(""));
+     }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Info object.
+      *
+      * At the moment Info::DeleteChunks() does nothing. It is
+      * recommended to call this method explicitly though from deriving classes's
+      * own overridden implementation of this method to avoid potential future
+      * compatiblity issues.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Info::DeleteChunks() {
+     }
+     /**
+      * Make a deep copy of the Info object given by @a orig and assign it to
+      * this object.
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Info object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Info::CopyAssign(const Info* orig) {
+         Name = orig->Name;
+         ArchivalLocation = orig->ArchivalLocation;
+         CreationDate = orig->CreationDate;
+         Comments = orig->Comments;
+         Product = orig->Product;
+         Copyright = orig->Copyright;
+         Artists = orig->Artists;
+         Genre = orig->Genre;
+         Keywords = orig->Keywords;
+         Engineer = orig->Engineer;
+         Technician = orig->Technician;
+         Software = orig->Software;
+         Medium = orig->Medium;
+         Source = orig->Source;
+         SourceForm = orig->SourceForm;
+         Commissioned = orig->Commissioned;
+         Subject = orig->Subject;
+         //FIXME: hmm, is copying this pointer a good idea?
+         pFixedStringLengths = orig->pFixedStringLengths;
+     }
  // *************** Resource ***************
  // *
+     /** @brief Constructor.
+      *
+      * Initializes the 'Resource' object with values provided by a given
+      * INFO list chunk and a DLID chunk (the latter optional).
+      *
+      * @param Parent      - pointer to parent 'Resource', NULL if this is
+      *                      the toplevel 'Resource' object
+      * @param lstResource - pointer to an INFO list chunk
+      */
      Resource::Resource(Resource* Parent, RIFF::List* lstResource) {
          pParent = Parent;
+         pResourceList = lstResource;
          pInfo = new Info(lstResource);
          RIFF::Chunk* ckDLSID = lstResource->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DLID);
          if (ckDLSID) {
+             ckDLSID->SetPos(0);
              pDLSID = new dlsid_t;
              ckDLSID->Read(&pDLSID->ulData1, 1, 4);
              ckDLSID->Read(&pDLSID->usData2, 1, 2);
-Line 180 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 508 
 namespace DLS {
          if (pInfo)  delete pInfo;
      }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Resource object.
+      *
+      * At the moment Resource::DeleteChunks() does nothing. It is recommended
+      * to call this method explicitly though from deriving classes's own
+      * overridden implementation of this method to avoid potential future
+      * compatiblity issues.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Resource::DeleteChunks() {
+     }
+     /** @brief Update chunks with current Resource data.
+      *
+      * Apply Resource data persistently below the previously given resource
+      * list chunk. This will currently only include the INFO data. The DLSID
+      * will not be applied at the moment (yet).
+      *
+      * You have to call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      */
+     void Resource::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         pInfo->UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         if (pDLSID) {
+             // make sure 'dlid' chunk exists
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckDLSID = pResourceList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DLID);
+             if (!ckDLSID) ckDLSID = pResourceList->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DLID, 16);
+             uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*)ckDLSID->LoadChunkData();
+             // update 'dlid' chunk
+             store32(&pData[0], pDLSID->ulData1);
+             store16(&pData[4], pDLSID->usData2);
+             store16(&pData[6], pDLSID->usData3);
+             memcpy(&pData[8], pDLSID->abData, 8);
+         }
+     }
+     /**
+      * Generates a new DLSID for the resource.
+      */
+     void Resource::GenerateDLSID() {
+         #if defined(WIN32) || defined(__APPLE__) || defined(HAVE_UUID_GENERATE)
+         if (!pDLSID) pDLSID = new dlsid_t;
+         GenerateDLSID(pDLSID);
+         #endif
+     }
+     void Resource::GenerateDLSID(dlsid_t* pDLSID) {
+ #ifdef WIN32
+         UUID uuid;
+         UuidCreate(&uuid);
+         pDLSID->ulData1 = uuid.Data1;
+         pDLSID->usData2 = uuid.Data2;
+         pDLSID->usData3 = uuid.Data3;
+         memcpy(pDLSID->abData, uuid.Data4, 8);
+ #elif defined(__APPLE__)
+         CFUUIDRef uuidRef = CFUUIDCreate(NULL);
+         CFUUIDBytes uuid = CFUUIDGetUUIDBytes(uuidRef);
+         CFRelease(uuidRef);
+         pDLSID->ulData1 = uuid.byte0 | uuid.byte1 << 8 | uuid.byte2 << 16 | uuid.byte3 << 24;
+         pDLSID->usData2 = uuid.byte4 | uuid.byte5 << 8;
+         pDLSID->usData3 = uuid.byte6 | uuid.byte7 << 8;
+         pDLSID->abData[0] = uuid.byte8;
+         pDLSID->abData[1] = uuid.byte9;
+         pDLSID->abData[2] = uuid.byte10;
+         pDLSID->abData[3] = uuid.byte11;
+         pDLSID->abData[4] = uuid.byte12;
+         pDLSID->abData[5] = uuid.byte13;
+         pDLSID->abData[6] = uuid.byte14;
+         pDLSID->abData[7] = uuid.byte15;
+ #elif defined(HAVE_UUID_GENERATE)
+         uuid_t uuid;
+         uuid_generate(uuid);
+         pDLSID->ulData1 = uuid[0] | uuid[1] << 8 | uuid[2] << 16 | uuid[3] << 24;
+         pDLSID->usData2 = uuid[4] | uuid[5] << 8;
+         pDLSID->usData3 = uuid[6] | uuid[7] << 8;
+         memcpy(pDLSID->abData, &uuid[8], 8);
+ #else
+ # error "Missing support for uuid generation"
+ #endif
+     }
+     /**
+      * Make a deep copy of the Resource object given by @a orig and assign it
+      * to this object.
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Resource object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Resource::CopyAssign(const Resource* orig) {
+         pInfo->CopyAssign(orig->pInfo);
+     }
  // *************** Sampler ***************
  // *
      Sampler::Sampler(RIFF::List* ParentList) {
+         pParentList       = ParentList;
          RIFF::Chunk* wsmp = ParentList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_WSMP);
-         if (!wsmp) throw DLS::Exception("Mandatory <wsmp> chunk not found.");
+         if (wsmp) {
-         uint32_t headersize = wsmp->ReadUint32();
+             wsmp->SetPos(0);
-         UnityNote        = wsmp->ReadUint16();
-         FineTune         = wsmp->ReadInt16();
+             uiHeaderSize   = wsmp->ReadUint32();
-         Gain             = wsmp->ReadInt32();
+             UnityNote      = wsmp->ReadUint16();
-         SamplerOptions   = wsmp->ReadUint32();
+             FineTune       = wsmp->ReadInt16();
+             Gain           = wsmp->ReadInt32();
+             SamplerOptions = wsmp->ReadUint32();
+             SampleLoops    = wsmp->ReadUint32();
+         } else { // 'wsmp' chunk missing
+             uiHeaderSize   = 20;
+             UnityNote      = 60;
+             FineTune       = 0; // +- 0 cents
+             Gain           = 0; // 0 dB
+             SamplerOptions = F_WSMP_NO_COMPRESSION;
+             SampleLoops    = 0;
+         }
          NoSampleDepthTruncation = SamplerOptions & F_WSMP_NO_TRUNCATION;
          NoSampleCompression     = SamplerOptions & F_WSMP_NO_COMPRESSION;
-         SampleLoops             = wsmp->ReadUint32();
          pSampleLoops            = (SampleLoops) ? new sample_loop_t[SampleLoops] : NULL;
-         wsmp->SetPos(headersize);
+         if (SampleLoops) {
-         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SampleLoops; i++) {
+             wsmp->SetPos(uiHeaderSize);
-             wsmp->Read(pSampleLoops + i, 4, 4);
+             for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SampleLoops; i++) {
-             if (pSampleLoops[i].Size > sizeof(sample_loop_t)) { // if loop struct was extended
+                 wsmp->Read(pSampleLoops + i, 4, 4);
-                 wsmp->SetPos(pSampleLoops[i].Size - sizeof(sample_loop_t), RIFF::stream_curpos);
+                 if (pSampleLoops[i].Size > sizeof(sample_loop_t)) { // if loop struct was extended
+                     wsmp->SetPos(pSampleLoops[i].Size - sizeof(sample_loop_t), RIFF::stream_curpos);
+                 }
              }
          }
      }
-Line 210 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 645 
 namespace DLS {
          if (pSampleLoops) delete[] pSampleLoops;
      }
+     void Sampler::SetGain(int32_t gain) {
+         Gain = gain;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Apply all sample player options to the respective RIFF chunk. You
+      * have to call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      */
+     void Sampler::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         // make sure 'wsmp' chunk exists
+         RIFF::Chunk* wsmp = pParentList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_WSMP);
+         int wsmpSize = uiHeaderSize + SampleLoops * 16;
+         if (!wsmp) {
+             wsmp = pParentList->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_WSMP, wsmpSize);
+         } else if (wsmp->GetSize() != wsmpSize) {
+             wsmp->Resize(wsmpSize);
+         }
+         uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) wsmp->LoadChunkData();
+         // update headers size
+         store32(&pData[0], uiHeaderSize);
+         // update respective sampler options bits
+         SamplerOptions = (NoSampleDepthTruncation) ? SamplerOptions | F_WSMP_NO_TRUNCATION
+                                                    : SamplerOptions & (~F_WSMP_NO_TRUNCATION);
+         SamplerOptions = (NoSampleCompression) ? SamplerOptions | F_WSMP_NO_COMPRESSION
+                                                : SamplerOptions & (~F_WSMP_NO_COMPRESSION);
+         store16(&pData[4], UnityNote);
+         store16(&pData[6], FineTune);
+         store32(&pData[8], Gain);
+         store32(&pData[12], SamplerOptions);
+         store32(&pData[16], SampleLoops);
+         // update loop definitions
+         for (uint32_t i = 0; i < SampleLoops; i++) {
+             //FIXME: this does not handle extended loop structs correctly
+             store32(&pData[uiHeaderSize + i * 16], pSampleLoops[i].Size);
+             store32(&pData[uiHeaderSize + i * 16 + 4], pSampleLoops[i].LoopType);
+             store32(&pData[uiHeaderSize + i * 16 + 8], pSampleLoops[i].LoopStart);
+             store32(&pData[uiHeaderSize + i * 16 + 12], pSampleLoops[i].LoopLength);
+         }
+     }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Sampler object.
+      *
+      * At the moment Sampler::DeleteChunks() does nothing. It is
+      * recommended to call this method explicitly though from deriving classes's
+      * own overridden implementation of this method to avoid potential future
+      * compatiblity issues.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Sampler::DeleteChunks() {
+     }
+     /**
+      * Adds a new sample loop with the provided loop definition.
+      *
+      * @param pLoopDef - points to a loop definition that is to be copied
+      */
+     void Sampler::AddSampleLoop(sample_loop_t* pLoopDef) {
+         sample_loop_t* pNewLoops = new sample_loop_t[SampleLoops + 1];
+         // copy old loops array
+         for (int i = 0; i < SampleLoops; i++) {
+             pNewLoops[i] = pSampleLoops[i];
+         }
+         // add the new loop
+         pNewLoops[SampleLoops] = *pLoopDef;
+         // auto correct size field
+         pNewLoops[SampleLoops].Size = sizeof(DLS::sample_loop_t);
+         // free the old array and update the member variables
+         if (SampleLoops) delete[] pSampleLoops;
+         pSampleLoops = pNewLoops;
+         SampleLoops++;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Deletes an existing sample loop.
+      *
+      * @param pLoopDef - pointer to existing loop definition
+      * @throws Exception - if given loop definition does not exist
+      */
+     void Sampler::DeleteSampleLoop(sample_loop_t* pLoopDef) {
+         sample_loop_t* pNewLoops = new sample_loop_t[SampleLoops - 1];
+         // copy old loops array (skipping given loop)
+         for (int i = 0, o = 0; i < SampleLoops; i++) {
+             if (&pSampleLoops[i] == pLoopDef) continue;
+             if (o == SampleLoops - 1) {
+                 delete[] pNewLoops;
+                 throw Exception("Could not delete Sample Loop, because it does not exist");
+             }
+             pNewLoops[o] = pSampleLoops[i];
+             o++;
+         }
+         // free the old array and update the member variables
+         if (SampleLoops) delete[] pSampleLoops;
+         pSampleLoops = pNewLoops;
+         SampleLoops--;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Make a deep copy of the Sampler object given by @a orig and assign it
+      * to this object.
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Sampler object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Sampler::CopyAssign(const Sampler* orig) {
+         // copy trivial scalars
+         UnityNote = orig->UnityNote;
+         FineTune = orig->FineTune;
+         Gain = orig->Gain;
+         NoSampleDepthTruncation = orig->NoSampleDepthTruncation;
+         NoSampleCompression = orig->NoSampleCompression;
+         SamplerOptions = orig->SamplerOptions;
+         // copy sample loops
+         if (SampleLoops) delete[] pSampleLoops;
+         pSampleLoops = new sample_loop_t[orig->SampleLoops];
+         memcpy(pSampleLoops, orig->pSampleLoops, orig->SampleLoops * sizeof(sample_loop_t));
+         SampleLoops = orig->SampleLoops;
+     }
  // *************** Sample ***************
  // *
-     Sample::Sample(File* pFile, RIFF::List* waveList, unsigned long WavePoolOffset) : Resource(pFile, waveList) {
+     /** @brief Constructor.
-         ulWavePoolOffset = WavePoolOffset - LIST_HEADER_SIZE;
+      *
+      * Load an existing sample or create a new one. A 'wave' list chunk must
+      * be given to this constructor. In case the given 'wave' list chunk
+      * contains a 'fmt' and 'data' chunk, the format and sample data will be
+      * loaded from there, otherwise default values will be used and those
+      * chunks will be created when File::Save() will be called later on.
+      *
+      * @param pFile          - pointer to DLS::File where this sample is
+      *                         located (or will be located)
+      * @param waveList       - pointer to 'wave' list chunk which is (or
+      *                         will be) associated with this sample
+      * @param WavePoolOffset - offset of this sample data from wave pool
+      *                         ('wvpl') list chunk
+      */
+     Sample::Sample(File* pFile, RIFF::List* waveList, file_offset_t WavePoolOffset) : Resource(pFile, waveList) {
+         pWaveList = waveList;
+         ullWavePoolOffset = WavePoolOffset - LIST_HEADER_SIZE(waveList->GetFile()->GetFileOffsetSize());
          pCkFormat = waveList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_FMT);
          pCkData   = waveList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DATA);
-         if (!pCkFormat || !pCkData) throw DLS::Exception("Mandatory chunks in wave list not found.");
+         if (pCkFormat) {
+             pCkFormat->SetPos(0);
+             // common fields
+             FormatTag              = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+             Channels               = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+             SamplesPerSecond       = pCkFormat->ReadUint32();
+             AverageBytesPerSecond  = pCkFormat->ReadUint32();
+             BlockAlign             = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+             // PCM format specific
+             if (FormatTag == DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
+                 BitDepth     = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+                 FrameSize    = (BitDepth / 8) * Channels;
+             } else { // unsupported sample data format
+                 BitDepth     = 0;
+                 FrameSize    = 0;
+             }
+         } else { // 'fmt' chunk missing
+             FormatTag              = DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM;
+             BitDepth               = 16;
+             Channels               = 1;
+             SamplesPerSecond       = 44100;
+             AverageBytesPerSecond  = (BitDepth / 8) * SamplesPerSecond * Channels;
+             FrameSize              = (BitDepth / 8) * Channels;
+             BlockAlign             = FrameSize;
+         }
+         SamplesTotal = (pCkData) ? (FormatTag == DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) ? pCkData->GetSize() / FrameSize
+                                                                       : 0
+                                  : 0;
+     }
+     /** @brief Destructor.
+      *
+      * Frees all memory occupied by this sample.
+      */
+     Sample::~Sample() {
+         if (pCkData)
+             pCkData->ReleaseChunkData();
+         if (pCkFormat)
+             pCkFormat->ReleaseChunkData();
+     }
-         // common fields
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Sample object.
-         FormatTag              = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+      *
-         Channels               = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
-         SamplesPerSecond       = pCkFormat->ReadUint32();
+      */
-         AverageBytesPerSecond  = pCkFormat->ReadUint32();
+     void Sample::DeleteChunks() {
-         BlockAlign             = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+         // handle base class
+         Resource::DeleteChunks();
-         // PCM format specific
-         if (FormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) {
+         // handle own RIFF chunks
-             BitDepth     = pCkFormat->ReadUint16();
+         if (pWaveList) {
-             FrameSize    = (FormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) ? (BitDepth / 8) * Channels
+             RIFF::List* pParent = pWaveList->GetParent();
-                                                           : 0;
+             pParent->DeleteSubChunk(pWaveList);
-             SamplesTotal = (FormatTag == WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) ? pCkData->GetSize() / FrameSize
+             pWaveList = NULL;
-                                                           : 0;
+         }
-         }
+     }
-         else {
-             BitDepth     = 0;
+     /**
-             FrameSize    = 0;
+      * Make a deep copy of the Sample object given by @a orig (without the
-             SamplesTotal = 0;
+      * actual sample waveform data however) and assign it to this object.
+      *
+      * This is a special internal variant of CopyAssign() which only copies the
+      * most mandatory member variables. It will be called by gig::Sample
+      * descendent instead of CopyAssign() since gig::Sample has its own
+      * implementation to access and copy the actual sample waveform data.
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Sample object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Sample::CopyAssignCore(const Sample* orig) {
+         // handle base classes
+         Resource::CopyAssign(orig);
+         // handle actual own attributes of this class
+         FormatTag = orig->FormatTag;
+         Channels = orig->Channels;
+         SamplesPerSecond = orig->SamplesPerSecond;
+         AverageBytesPerSecond = orig->AverageBytesPerSecond;
+         BlockAlign = orig->BlockAlign;
+         BitDepth = orig->BitDepth;
+         SamplesTotal = orig->SamplesTotal;
+         FrameSize = orig->FrameSize;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Make a deep copy of the Sample object given by @a orig and assign it to
+      * this object.
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Sample object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Sample::CopyAssign(const Sample* orig) {
+         CopyAssignCore(orig);
+         // copy sample waveform data (reading directly from disc)
+         Resize(orig->GetSize());
+         char* buf = (char*) LoadSampleData();
+         Sample* pOrig = (Sample*) orig; //HACK: circumventing the constness here for now
+         const file_offset_t restorePos = pOrig->pCkData->GetPos();
+         pOrig->SetPos(0);
+         for (file_offset_t todo = pOrig->GetSize(), i = 0; todo; ) {
+             const int iReadAtOnce = 64*1024;
+             file_offset_t n = (iReadAtOnce < todo) ? iReadAtOnce : todo;
+             n = pOrig->Read(&buf[i], n);
+             if (!n) break;
+             todo -= n;
+             i += (n * pOrig->FrameSize);
          }
+         pOrig->pCkData->SetPos(restorePos);
      }
+     /** @brief Load sample data into RAM.
+      *
+      * In case the respective 'data' chunk exists, the sample data will be
+      * loaded into RAM (if not done already) and a pointer to the data in
+      * RAM will be returned. If this is a new sample, you have to call
+      * Resize() with the desired sample size to create the mandatory RIFF
+      * chunk for the sample wave data.
+      *
+      * You can call LoadChunkData() again if you previously scheduled to
+      * enlarge the sample data RIFF chunk with a Resize() call. In that case
+      * the buffer will be enlarged to the new, scheduled size and you can
+      * already place the sample wave data to the buffer and finally call
+      * File::Save() to enlarge the sample data's chunk physically and write
+      * the new sample wave data in one rush. This approach is definitely
+      * recommended if you have to enlarge and write new sample data to a lot
+      * of samples.
+      *
+      * <b>Caution:</b> the buffer pointer will be invalidated once
+      * File::Save() was called. You have to call LoadChunkData() again to
+      * get a new, valid pointer whenever File::Save() was called.
+      *
+      * @returns pointer to sample data in RAM, NULL in case respective
+      *          'data' chunk does not exist (yet)
+      * @throws Exception if data buffer could not be enlarged
+      * @see Resize(), File::Save()
+      */
      void* Sample::LoadSampleData() {
-         return pCkData->LoadChunkData();
+         return (pCkData) ? pCkData->LoadChunkData() : NULL;
      }
+     /** @brief Free sample data from RAM.
+      *
+      * In case sample data was previously successfully loaded into RAM with
+      * LoadSampleData(), this method will free the sample data from RAM.
+      */
      void Sample::ReleaseSampleData() {
-         pCkData->ReleaseChunkData();
+         if (pCkData) pCkData->ReleaseChunkData();
+     }
+     /** @brief Returns sample size.
+      *
+      * Returns the sample wave form's data size (in sample points). This is
+      * actually the current, physical size (converted to sample points) of
+      * the RIFF chunk which encapsulates the sample's wave data. The
+      * returned value is dependant to the current FrameSize value.
+      *
+      * @returns number of sample points or 0 if FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM
+      * @see FrameSize, FormatTag
+      */
+     file_offset_t Sample::GetSize() const {
+         if (FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) return 0;
+         return (pCkData) ? pCkData->GetSize() / FrameSize : 0;
+     }
+     /** @brief Resize sample.
+      *
+      * Resizes the sample's wave form data, that is the actual size of
+      * sample wave data possible to be written for this sample. This call
+      * will return immediately and just schedule the resize operation. You
+      * should call File::Save() to actually perform the resize operation(s)
+      * "physically" to the file. As this can take a while on large files, it
+      * is recommended to call Resize() first on all samples which have to be
+      * resized and finally to call File::Save() to perform all those resize
+      * operations in one rush.
+      *
+      * The actual size (in bytes) is dependant to the current FrameSize
+      * value. You may want to set FrameSize before calling Resize().
+      *
+      * <b>Caution:</b> You cannot directly write to enlarged samples before
+      * calling File::Save() as this might exceed the current sample's
+      * boundary!
+      *
+      * Also note: only DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM is currently supported, that is
+      * FormatTag must be DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM. Trying to resize samples with
+      * other formats will fail!
+      *
+      * @param NewSize - new sample wave data size in sample points (must be
+      *                  greater than zero)
+      * @throws Exception if FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM
+      * @throws Exception if \a NewSize is less than 1 or unrealistic large
+      * @see File::Save(), FrameSize, FormatTag
+      */
+     void Sample::Resize(file_offset_t NewSize) {
+         if (FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) throw Exception("Sample's format is not DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM");
+         if (NewSize < 1) throw Exception("Sample size must be at least one sample point");
+         if ((NewSize >> 48) != 0)
+             throw Exception("Unrealistic high DLS sample size detected");
+         const file_offset_t sizeInBytes = NewSize * FrameSize;
+         pCkData = pWaveList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DATA);
+         if (pCkData) pCkData->Resize(sizeInBytes);
+         else pCkData = pWaveList->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DATA, sizeInBytes);
      }
      /**
-Line 256 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 997 
 namespace DLS {
       * bytes). Use this method and <i>Read()</i> if you don't want to load
       * the sample into RAM, thus for disk streaming.
       *
+      * Also note: only DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM is currently supported, that is
+      * FormatTag must be DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM. Trying to reposition the sample
+      * with other formats will fail!
+      *
       * @param SampleCount  number of sample points
       * @param Whence       to which relation \a SampleCount refers to
+      * @returns new position within the sample, 0 if
+      *          FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM
+      * @throws Exception if no data RIFF chunk was created for the sample yet
+      * @see FrameSize, FormatTag
       */
-     unsigned long Sample::SetPos(unsigned long SampleCount, RIFF::stream_whence_t Whence) {
+     file_offset_t Sample::SetPos(file_offset_t SampleCount, RIFF::stream_whence_t Whence) {
-         if (FormatTag != WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) return 0; // failed: wave data not PCM format
+         if (FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) return 0; // failed: wave data not PCM format
-         unsigned long orderedBytes = SampleCount * FrameSize;
+         if (!pCkData) throw Exception("No data chunk created for sample yet, call Sample::Resize() to create one");
-         unsigned long result = pCkData->SetPos(orderedBytes, Whence);
+         file_offset_t orderedBytes = SampleCount * FrameSize;
+         file_offset_t result = pCkData->SetPos(orderedBytes, Whence);
          return (result == orderedBytes) ? SampleCount
                                          : result / FrameSize;
      }
-Line 276 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1026 
 namespace DLS {
       * @param pBuffer      destination buffer
       * @param SampleCount  number of sample points to read
       */
-     unsigned long Sample::Read(void* pBuffer, unsigned long SampleCount) {
+     file_offset_t Sample::Read(void* pBuffer, file_offset_t SampleCount) {
-         if (FormatTag != WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) return 0; // failed: wave data not PCM format
+         if (FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) return 0; // failed: wave data not PCM format
          return pCkData->Read(pBuffer, SampleCount, FrameSize); // FIXME: channel inversion due to endian correction?
      }
+     /** @brief Write sample wave data.
+      *
+      * Writes \a SampleCount number of sample points from the buffer pointed
+      * by \a pBuffer and increments the position within the sample. Use this
+      * method to directly write the sample data to disk, i.e. if you don't
+      * want or cannot load the whole sample data into RAM.
+      *
+      * You have to Resize() the sample to the desired size and call
+      * File::Save() <b>before</b> using Write().
+      *
+      * @param pBuffer     - source buffer
+      * @param SampleCount - number of sample points to write
+      * @throws Exception if current sample size is too small
+      * @see LoadSampleData()
+      */
+     file_offset_t Sample::Write(void* pBuffer, file_offset_t SampleCount) {
+         if (FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM) return 0; // failed: wave data not PCM format
+         if (GetSize() < SampleCount) throw Exception("Could not write sample data, current sample size to small");
+         return pCkData->Write(pBuffer, SampleCount, FrameSize); // FIXME: channel inversion due to endian correction?
+     }
+     /**
+      * Apply sample and its settings to the respective RIFF chunks. You have
+      * to call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      * @throws Exception if FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM or no sample data
+      *                   was provided yet
+      */
+     void Sample::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         if (FormatTag != DLS_WAVE_FORMAT_PCM)
+             throw Exception("Could not save sample, only PCM format is supported");
+         // we refuse to do anything if not sample wave form was provided yet
+         if (!pCkData)
+             throw Exception("Could not save sample, there is no sample data to save");
+         // update chunks of base class as well
+         Resource::UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         // make sure 'fmt' chunk exists
+         RIFF::Chunk* pCkFormat = pWaveList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_FMT);
+         if (!pCkFormat) pCkFormat = pWaveList->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_FMT, 16); // assumes PCM format
+         uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) pCkFormat->LoadChunkData();
+         // update 'fmt' chunk
+         store16(&pData[0], FormatTag);
+         store16(&pData[2], Channels);
+         store32(&pData[4], SamplesPerSecond);
+         store32(&pData[8], AverageBytesPerSecond);
+         store16(&pData[12], BlockAlign);
+         store16(&pData[14], BitDepth); // assuming PCM format
+     }
  // *************** Region ***************
-Line 289 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1089 
 namespace DLS {
      Region::Region(Instrument* pInstrument, RIFF::List* rgnList) : Resource(pInstrument, rgnList), Articulator(rgnList), Sampler(rgnList) {
          pCkRegion = rgnList;
+         // articulation information
          RIFF::Chunk* rgnh = rgnList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_RGNH);
-         rgnh->Read(&KeyRange, 2, 2);
+         if (rgnh) {
-         rgnh->Read(&VelocityRange, 2, 2);
+             rgnh->SetPos(0);
-         uint16_t optionflags = rgnh->ReadUint16();
-         SelfNonExclusive = optionflags & F_RGN_OPTION_SELFNONEXCLUSIVE;
+             rgnh->Read(&KeyRange, 2, 2);
-         KeyGroup = rgnh->ReadUint16();
+             rgnh->Read(&VelocityRange, 2, 2);
-         // Layer is optional
+             FormatOptionFlags = rgnh->ReadUint16();
-         if (rgnh->RemainingBytes() >= sizeof(uint16_t)) {
+             KeyGroup = rgnh->ReadUint16();
-             rgnh->Read(&Layer, 1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+             // Layer is optional
+             if (rgnh->RemainingBytes() >= sizeof(uint16_t)) {
+                 rgnh->Read(&Layer, 1, sizeof(uint16_t));
+             } else Layer = 0;
+         } else { // 'rgnh' chunk is missing
+             KeyRange.low  = 0;
+             KeyRange.high = 127;
+             VelocityRange.low  = 0;
+             VelocityRange.high = 127;
+             FormatOptionFlags = F_RGN_OPTION_SELFNONEXCLUSIVE;
+             KeyGroup = 0;
+             Layer = 0;
          }
-         else Layer = 0;
+         SelfNonExclusive = FormatOptionFlags & F_RGN_OPTION_SELFNONEXCLUSIVE;
+         // sample information
          RIFF::Chunk* wlnk = rgnList->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_WLNK);
-         optionflags  = wlnk->ReadUint16();
+         if (wlnk) {
-         PhaseMaster  = optionflags & F_WAVELINK_PHASE_MASTER;
+             wlnk->SetPos(0);
-         MultiChannel = optionflags & F_WAVELINK_MULTICHANNEL;
-         PhaseGroup         = wlnk->ReadUint16();
+             WaveLinkOptionFlags = wlnk->ReadUint16();
-         Channel            = wlnk->ReadUint32();
+             PhaseGroup          = wlnk->ReadUint16();
-         WavePoolTableIndex = wlnk->ReadUint32();
+             Channel             = wlnk->ReadUint32();
+             WavePoolTableIndex  = wlnk->ReadUint32();
+         } else { // 'wlnk' chunk is missing
+             WaveLinkOptionFlags = 0;
+             PhaseGroup          = 0;
+             Channel             = 0; // mono
+             WavePoolTableIndex  = 0; // first entry in wave pool table
+         }
+         PhaseMaster  = WaveLinkOptionFlags & F_WAVELINK_PHASE_MASTER;
+         MultiChannel = WaveLinkOptionFlags & F_WAVELINK_MULTICHANNEL;
          pSample = NULL;
      }
+     /** @brief Destructor.
+      *
+      * Intended to free up all memory occupied by this Region object. ATM this
+      * destructor implementation does nothing though.
+      */
      Region::~Region() {
      }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Region object.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Region::DeleteChunks() {
+         // handle base classes
+         Resource::DeleteChunks();
+         Articulator::DeleteChunks();
+         Sampler::DeleteChunks();
+         // handle own RIFF chunks
+         if (pCkRegion) {
+             RIFF::List* pParent = pCkRegion->GetParent();
+             pParent->DeleteSubChunk(pCkRegion);
+             pCkRegion = NULL;
+         }
+     }
      Sample* Region::GetSample() {
          if (pSample) return pSample;
          File* file = (File*) GetParent()->GetParent();
-         unsigned long soughtoffset = file->pWavePoolTable[WavePoolTableIndex];
+         uint64_t soughtoffset = file->pWavePoolTable[WavePoolTableIndex];
          Sample* sample = file->GetFirstSample();
          while (sample) {
-             if (sample->ulWavePoolOffset == soughtoffset) return (pSample = sample);
+             if (sample->ullWavePoolOffset == soughtoffset) return (pSample = sample);
              sample = file->GetNextSample();
          }
          return NULL;
      }
+     /**
+      * Assign another sample to this Region.
+      *
+      * @param pSample - sample to be assigned
+      */
+     void Region::SetSample(Sample* pSample) {
+         this->pSample = pSample;
+         WavePoolTableIndex = 0; // we update this offset when we Save()
+     }
+     /**
+      * Modifies the key range of this Region and makes sure the respective
+      * chunks are in correct order.
+      *
+      * @param Low  - lower end of key range
+      * @param High - upper end of key range
+      */
+     void Region::SetKeyRange(uint16_t Low, uint16_t High) {
+         KeyRange.low  = Low;
+         KeyRange.high = High;
+         // make sure regions are already loaded
+         Instrument* pInstrument = (Instrument*) GetParent();
+         if (!pInstrument->pRegions) pInstrument->LoadRegions();
+         if (!pInstrument->pRegions) return;
+         // find the r which is the first one to the right of this region
+         // at its new position
+         Region* r = NULL;
+         Region* prev_region = NULL;
+         for (
+             Instrument::RegionList::iterator iter = pInstrument->pRegions->begin();
+             iter != pInstrument->pRegions->end(); iter++
+         ) {
+             if ((*iter)->KeyRange.low > this->KeyRange.low) {
+                 r = *iter;
+                 break;
+             }
+             prev_region = *iter;
+         }
+         // place this region before r if it's not already there
+         if (prev_region != this) pInstrument->MoveRegion(this, r);
+     }
+     /**
+      * Apply Region settings to the respective RIFF chunks. You have to
+      * call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      * @throws Exception - if the Region's sample could not be found
+      */
+     void Region::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         // make sure 'rgnh' chunk exists
+         RIFF::Chunk* rgnh = pCkRegion->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_RGNH);
+         if (!rgnh) rgnh = pCkRegion->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_RGNH, Layer ? 14 : 12);
+         uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) rgnh->LoadChunkData();
+         FormatOptionFlags = (SelfNonExclusive)
+                                 ? FormatOptionFlags | F_RGN_OPTION_SELFNONEXCLUSIVE
+                                 : FormatOptionFlags & (~F_RGN_OPTION_SELFNONEXCLUSIVE);
+         // update 'rgnh' chunk
+         store16(&pData[0], KeyRange.low);
+         store16(&pData[2], KeyRange.high);
+         store16(&pData[4], VelocityRange.low);
+         store16(&pData[6], VelocityRange.high);
+         store16(&pData[8], FormatOptionFlags);
+         store16(&pData[10], KeyGroup);
+         if (rgnh->GetSize() >= 14) store16(&pData[12], Layer);
+         // update chunks of base classes as well (but skip Resource,
+         // as a rgn doesn't seem to have dlid and INFO chunks)
+         Articulator::UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         Sampler::UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         // make sure 'wlnk' chunk exists
+         RIFF::Chunk* wlnk = pCkRegion->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_WLNK);
+         if (!wlnk) wlnk = pCkRegion->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_WLNK, 12);
+         pData = (uint8_t*) wlnk->LoadChunkData();
+         WaveLinkOptionFlags = (PhaseMaster)
+                                   ? WaveLinkOptionFlags | F_WAVELINK_PHASE_MASTER
+                                   : WaveLinkOptionFlags & (~F_WAVELINK_PHASE_MASTER);
+         WaveLinkOptionFlags = (MultiChannel)
+                                   ? WaveLinkOptionFlags | F_WAVELINK_MULTICHANNEL
+                                   : WaveLinkOptionFlags & (~F_WAVELINK_MULTICHANNEL);
+         // get sample's wave pool table index
+         int index = -1;
+         File* pFile = (File*) GetParent()->GetParent();
+         if (pFile->pSamples) {
+             File::SampleList::iterator iter = pFile->pSamples->begin();
+             File::SampleList::iterator end  = pFile->pSamples->end();
+             for (int i = 0; iter != end; ++iter, i++) {
+                 if (*iter == pSample) {
+                     index = i;
+                     break;
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         WavePoolTableIndex = index;
+         // update 'wlnk' chunk
+         store16(&pData[0], WaveLinkOptionFlags);
+         store16(&pData[2], PhaseGroup);
+         store32(&pData[4], Channel);
+         store32(&pData[8], WavePoolTableIndex);
+     }
+     /**
+      * Make a (semi) deep copy of the Region object given by @a orig and assign
+      * it to this object.
+      *
+      * Note that the sample pointer referenced by @a orig is simply copied as
+      * memory address. Thus the respective sample is shared, not duplicated!
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Region object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Region::CopyAssign(const Region* orig) {
+         // handle base classes
+         Resource::CopyAssign(orig);
+         Articulator::CopyAssign(orig);
+         Sampler::CopyAssign(orig);
+         // handle actual own attributes of this class
+         // (the trivial ones)
+         VelocityRange = orig->VelocityRange;
+         KeyGroup = orig->KeyGroup;
+         Layer = orig->Layer;
+         SelfNonExclusive = orig->SelfNonExclusive;
+         PhaseMaster = orig->PhaseMaster;
+         PhaseGroup = orig->PhaseGroup;
+         MultiChannel = orig->MultiChannel;
+         Channel = orig->Channel;
+         // only take the raw sample reference if the two Region objects are
+         // part of the same file
+         if (GetParent()->GetParent() == orig->GetParent()->GetParent()) {
+             WavePoolTableIndex = orig->WavePoolTableIndex;
+             pSample = orig->pSample;
+         } else {
+             WavePoolTableIndex = -1;
+             pSample = NULL;
+         }
+         FormatOptionFlags = orig->FormatOptionFlags;
+         WaveLinkOptionFlags = orig->WaveLinkOptionFlags;
+         // handle the last, a bit sensible attribute
+         SetKeyRange(orig->KeyRange.low, orig->KeyRange.high);
+     }
  // *************** Instrument ***************
  // *
+     /** @brief Constructor.
+      *
+      * Load an existing instrument definition or create a new one. An 'ins'
+      * list chunk must be given to this constructor. In case this 'ins' list
+      * chunk contains a 'insh' chunk, the instrument data fields will be
+      * loaded from there, otherwise default values will be used and the
+      * 'insh' chunk will be created once File::Save() was called.
+      *
+      * @param pFile   - pointer to DLS::File where this instrument is
+      *                  located (or will be located)
+      * @param insList - pointer to 'ins' list chunk which is (or will be)
+      *                  associated with this instrument
+      */
      Instrument::Instrument(File* pFile, RIFF::List* insList) : Resource(pFile, insList), Articulator(insList) {
          pCkInstrument = insList;
-         RIFF::Chunk* insh = pCkInstrument->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_INSH);
-         if (!insh) throw DLS::Exception("Mandatory chunks in <lins> list chunk not found.");
-         Regions = insh->ReadUint32();
          midi_locale_t locale;
-         insh->Read(&locale, 2, 4);
+         RIFF::Chunk* insh = pCkInstrument->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_INSH);
+         if (insh) {
+             insh->SetPos(0);
+             Regions = insh->ReadUint32();
+             insh->Read(&locale, 2, 4);
+         } else { // 'insh' chunk missing
+             Regions = 0;
+             locale.bank       = 0;
+             locale.instrument = 0;
+         }
          MIDIProgram    = locale.instrument;
          IsDrum         = locale.bank & DRUM_TYPE_MASK;
          MIDIBankCoarse = (uint8_t) MIDI_BANK_COARSE(locale.bank);
          MIDIBankFine   = (uint8_t) MIDI_BANK_FINE(locale.bank);
          MIDIBank       = MIDI_BANK_MERGE(MIDIBankCoarse, MIDIBankFine);
-         pRegions   = NULL;
+         pRegions = NULL;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns Region at supplied @a pos position within the region list of
+      * this instrument. If supplied @a pos is out of bounds then @c NULL is
+      * returned.
+      *
+      * @param pos - position of sought Region in region list
+      * @returns pointer address to requested region or @c NULL if @a pos is
+      *          out of bounds
+      */
+     Region* Instrument::GetRegionAt(size_t pos) {
+         if (!pRegions) LoadRegions();
+         if (!pRegions) return NULL;
+         if (pos >= pRegions->size()) return NULL;
+         return (*pRegions)[pos];
      }
+     /**
+      * Returns the first Region of the instrument. You have to call this
+      * method once before you use GetNextRegion().
+      *
+      * @returns  pointer address to first region or NULL if there is none
+      * @see      GetNextRegion()
+      * @deprecated  This method is not reentrant-safe, use GetRegionAt()
+      *              instead.
+      */
      Region* Instrument::GetFirstRegion() {
          if (!pRegions) LoadRegions();
          if (!pRegions) return NULL;
-Line 356 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1390 
 namespace DLS {
          return (RegionsIterator != pRegions->end()) ? *RegionsIterator : NULL;
      }
+     /**
+      * Returns the next Region of the instrument. You have to call
+      * GetFirstRegion() once before you can use this method. By calling this
+      * method multiple times it iterates through the available Regions.
+      *
+      * @returns  pointer address to the next region or NULL if end reached
+      * @see      GetFirstRegion()
+      * @deprecated  This method is not reentrant-safe, use GetRegionAt()
+      *              instead.
+      */
      Region* Instrument::GetNextRegion() {
          if (!pRegions) return NULL;
          RegionsIterator++;
-Line 363 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1407 
 namespace DLS {
      }
      void Instrument::LoadRegions() {
+         if (!pRegions) pRegions = new RegionList;
          RIFF::List* lrgn = pCkInstrument->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LRGN);
-         if (!lrgn) throw DLS::Exception("Mandatory chunks in <ins > chunk not found.");
+         if (lrgn) {
-         uint32_t regionCkType = (lrgn->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_RGN2)) ? LIST_TYPE_RGN2 : LIST_TYPE_RGN; // prefer regions level 2
+             uint32_t regionCkType = (lrgn->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_RGN2)) ? LIST_TYPE_RGN2 : LIST_TYPE_RGN; // prefer regions level 2
-         RIFF::List* rgn = lrgn->GetFirstSubList();
+             size_t i = 0;
-         while (rgn) {
+             for (RIFF::List* rgn = lrgn->GetSubListAt(i); rgn;
-             if (rgn->GetListType() == regionCkType) {
+                  rgn = lrgn->GetSubListAt(++i))
-                 if (!pRegions) pRegions = new RegionList;
+             {
-                 pRegions->push_back(new Region(this, rgn));
+                 if (rgn->GetListType() == regionCkType) {
+                     pRegions->push_back(new Region(this, rgn));
+                 }
              }
-             rgn = lrgn->GetNextSubList();
          }
      }
+     Region* Instrument::AddRegion() {
+         if (!pRegions) LoadRegions();
+         RIFF::List* lrgn = pCkInstrument->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LRGN);
+         if (!lrgn)  lrgn = pCkInstrument->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_LRGN);
+         RIFF::List* rgn = lrgn->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_RGN);
+         Region* pNewRegion = new Region(this, rgn);
+         pRegions->push_back(pNewRegion);
+         Regions = (uint32_t) pRegions->size();
+         return pNewRegion;
+     }
+     void Instrument::MoveRegion(Region* pSrc, Region* pDst) {
+         RIFF::List* lrgn = pCkInstrument->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LRGN);
+         lrgn->MoveSubChunk(pSrc->pCkRegion, (RIFF::Chunk*) (pDst ? pDst->pCkRegion : 0));
+         for (size_t i = 0; i < pRegions->size(); ++i) {
+             if ((*pRegions)[i] == pSrc) {
+                 pRegions->erase(pRegions->begin() + i);
+                 RegionList::iterator iter = find(pRegions->begin(), pRegions->end(), pDst);
+                 pRegions->insert(iter, pSrc);
+             }
+         }
+     }
+     void Instrument::DeleteRegion(Region* pRegion) {
+         if (!pRegions) return;
+         RegionList::iterator iter = find(pRegions->begin(), pRegions->end(), pRegion);
+         if (iter == pRegions->end()) return;
+         pRegions->erase(iter);
+         Regions = (uint32_t) pRegions->size();
+         pRegion->DeleteChunks();
+         delete pRegion;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Apply Instrument with all its Regions to the respective RIFF chunks.
+      * You have to call File::Save() to make changes persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      * @throws Exception - on errors
+      */
+     void Instrument::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         // first update base classes' chunks
+         Resource::UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         Articulator::UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         // make sure 'insh' chunk exists
+         RIFF::Chunk* insh = pCkInstrument->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_INSH);
+         if (!insh) insh = pCkInstrument->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_INSH, 12);
+         uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) insh->LoadChunkData();
+         // update 'insh' chunk
+         Regions = (pRegions) ? uint32_t(pRegions->size()) : 0;
+         midi_locale_t locale;
+         locale.instrument = MIDIProgram;
+         locale.bank       = MIDI_BANK_ENCODE(MIDIBankCoarse, MIDIBankFine);
+         locale.bank       = (IsDrum) ? locale.bank | DRUM_TYPE_MASK : locale.bank & (~DRUM_TYPE_MASK);
+         MIDIBank          = MIDI_BANK_MERGE(MIDIBankCoarse, MIDIBankFine); // just a sync, when we're at it
+         store32(&pData[0], Regions);
+         store32(&pData[4], locale.bank);
+         store32(&pData[8], locale.instrument);
+         // update Region's chunks
+         if (!pRegions) return;
+         RegionList::iterator iter = pRegions->begin();
+         RegionList::iterator end  = pRegions->end();
+         for (int i = 0; iter != end; ++iter, ++i) {
+             if (pProgress) {
+                 // divide local progress into subprogress
+                 progress_t subprogress;
+                 __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, pRegions->size(), i);
+                 // do the actual work
+                 (*iter)->UpdateChunks(&subprogress);
+             } else
+                 (*iter)->UpdateChunks(NULL);
+         }
+         if (pProgress)
+             __notify_progress(pProgress, 1.0); // notify done
+     }
+     /** @brief Destructor.
+      *
+      * Frees all memory occupied by this instrument.
+      */
      Instrument::~Instrument() {
          if (pRegions) {
              RegionList::iterator iter = pRegions->begin();
-Line 388 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1514 
 namespace DLS {
          }
      }
+     /** @brief Remove all RIFF chunks associated with this Instrument object.
+      *
+      * See Storage::DeleteChunks() for details.
+      */
+     void Instrument::DeleteChunks() {
+         // handle base classes
+         Resource::DeleteChunks();
+         Articulator::DeleteChunks();
+         // handle RIFF chunks of members
+         if (pRegions) {
+             RegionList::iterator it  = pRegions->begin();
+             RegionList::iterator end = pRegions->end();
+             for (; it != end; ++it)
+                 (*it)->DeleteChunks();
+         }
+         // handle own RIFF chunks
+         if (pCkInstrument) {
+             RIFF::List* pParent = pCkInstrument->GetParent();
+             pParent->DeleteSubChunk(pCkInstrument);
+             pCkInstrument = NULL;
+         }
+     }
+     void Instrument::CopyAssignCore(const Instrument* orig) {
+         // handle base classes
+         Resource::CopyAssign(orig);
+         Articulator::CopyAssign(orig);
+         // handle actual own attributes of this class
+         // (the trivial ones)
+         IsDrum = orig->IsDrum;
+         MIDIBank = orig->MIDIBank;
+         MIDIBankCoarse = orig->MIDIBankCoarse;
+         MIDIBankFine = orig->MIDIBankFine;
+         MIDIProgram = orig->MIDIProgram;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Make a (semi) deep copy of the Instrument object given by @a orig and assign
+      * it to this object.
+      *
+      * Note that all sample pointers referenced by @a orig are simply copied as
+      * memory address. Thus the respective samples are shared, not duplicated!
+      *
+      * @param orig - original Instrument object to be copied from
+      */
+     void Instrument::CopyAssign(const Instrument* orig) {
+         CopyAssignCore(orig);
+         // delete all regions first
+         while (Regions) DeleteRegion(GetFirstRegion());
+         // now recreate and copy regions
+         {
+             RegionList::const_iterator it = orig->pRegions->begin();
+             for (int i = 0; i < orig->Regions; ++i, ++it) {
+                 Region* dstRgn = AddRegion();
+                 //NOTE: Region does semi-deep copy !
+                 dstRgn->CopyAssign(*it);
+             }
+         }
+     }
  // *************** File ***************
  // *
+     /** @brief Constructor.
+      *
+      * Default constructor, use this to create an empty DLS file. You have
+      * to add samples, instruments and finally call Save() to actually write
+      * a DLS file.
+      */
+     File::File() : Resource(NULL, pRIFF = new RIFF::File(RIFF_TYPE_DLS)) {
+         pRIFF->SetByteOrder(RIFF::endian_little);
+         bOwningRiff = true;
+         pVersion = new version_t;
+         pVersion->major   = 0;
+         pVersion->minor   = 0;
+         pVersion->release = 0;
+         pVersion->build   = 0;
+         Instruments      = 0;
+         WavePoolCount    = 0;
+         pWavePoolTable   = NULL;
+         pWavePoolTableHi = NULL;
+         WavePoolHeaderSize = 8;
+         pSamples     = NULL;
+         pInstruments = NULL;
+         b64BitWavePoolOffsets = false;
+     }
+     /** @brief Constructor.
+      *
+      * Load an existing DLS file.
+      *
+      * @param pRIFF - pointer to a RIFF file which is actually the DLS file
+      *                to load
+      * @throws Exception if given file is not a DLS file, expected chunks
+      *                   are missing
+      */
      File::File(RIFF::File* pRIFF) : Resource(NULL, pRIFF) {
          if (!pRIFF) throw DLS::Exception("NULL pointer reference to RIFF::File object.");
          this->pRIFF = pRIFF;
+         bOwningRiff = false;
          RIFF::Chunk* ckVersion = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_VERS);
          if (ckVersion) {
+             ckVersion->SetPos(0);
              pVersion = new version_t;
              ckVersion->Read(pVersion, 4, 2);
          }
-Line 406 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1631 
 namespace DLS {
          RIFF::Chunk* colh = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_COLH);
          if (!colh) throw DLS::Exception("Mandatory chunks in RIFF list chunk not found.");
+         colh->SetPos(0);
          Instruments = colh->ReadUint32();
          RIFF::Chunk* ptbl = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_PTBL);
-         if (!ptbl) throw DLS::Exception("Mandatory <ptbl> chunk not found.");
+         if (!ptbl) { // pool table is missing - this is probably an ".art" file
-         uint32_t headersize = ptbl->ReadUint32();
+             WavePoolCount    = 0;
-         WavePoolCount  = ptbl->ReadUint32();
+             pWavePoolTable   = NULL;
-         pWavePoolTable = new uint32_t[WavePoolCount];
+             pWavePoolTableHi = NULL;
-         ptbl->SetPos(headersize);
+             WavePoolHeaderSize = 8;
+             b64BitWavePoolOffsets = false;
-         // Check for 64 bit offsets (used in gig v3 files)
+         } else {
-         if (ptbl->GetSize() - headersize == WavePoolCount * 8) {
+             ptbl->SetPos(0);
-             for (int i = 0 ; i < WavePoolCount ; i++) {
-                 // Just ignore the upper bits for now
+             WavePoolHeaderSize = ptbl->ReadUint32();
-                 uint32_t upper = ptbl->ReadUint32();
+             WavePoolCount  = ptbl->ReadUint32();
-                 pWavePoolTable[i] = ptbl->ReadUint32();
+             pWavePoolTable = new uint32_t[WavePoolCount];
-                 if (upper || (pWavePoolTable[i] & 0x80000000))
+             pWavePoolTableHi = new uint32_t[WavePoolCount];
-                     throw DLS::Exception("Files larger than 2 GB not yet supported");
+             ptbl->SetPos(WavePoolHeaderSize);
+             // Check for 64 bit offsets (used in gig v3 files)
+             b64BitWavePoolOffsets = (ptbl->GetSize() - WavePoolHeaderSize == WavePoolCount * 8);
+             if (b64BitWavePoolOffsets) {
+                 for (int i = 0 ; i < WavePoolCount ; i++) {
+                     pWavePoolTableHi[i] = ptbl->ReadUint32();
+                     pWavePoolTable[i] = ptbl->ReadUint32();
+                     //NOTE: disabled this 2GB check, not sure why this check was still left here (Christian, 2016-05-12)
+                     //if (pWavePoolTable[i] & 0x80000000)
+                     //    throw DLS::Exception("Files larger than 2 GB not yet supported");
+                 }
+             } else { // conventional 32 bit offsets
+                 ptbl->Read(pWavePoolTable, WavePoolCount, sizeof(uint32_t));
+                 for (int i = 0 ; i < WavePoolCount ; i++) pWavePoolTableHi[i] = 0;
              }
          }
-         else ptbl->Read(pWavePoolTable, WavePoolCount, sizeof(uint32_t));
          pSamples     = NULL;
          pInstruments = NULL;
-         Instruments  = 0;
      }
      File::~File() {
-Line 454 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1692 
 namespace DLS {
          }
          if (pWavePoolTable) delete[] pWavePoolTable;
+         if (pWavePoolTableHi) delete[] pWavePoolTableHi;
          if (pVersion) delete pVersion;
+         for (std::list<RIFF::File*>::iterator i = ExtensionFiles.begin() ; i != ExtensionFiles.end() ; i++)
+             delete *i;
+         if (bOwningRiff)
+             delete pRIFF;
      }
      Sample* File::GetFirstSample() {
-Line 471 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1714 
 namespace DLS {
      }
      void File::LoadSamples() {
+         if (!pSamples) pSamples = new SampleList;
          RIFF::List* wvpl = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_WVPL);
          if (wvpl) {
-             unsigned long wvplFileOffset = wvpl->GetFilePos();
+             file_offset_t wvplFileOffset = wvpl->GetFilePos() -
-             RIFF::List* wave = wvpl->GetFirstSubList();
+                                            wvpl->GetPos(); // should be zero, but just to be sure
-             while (wave) {
+             size_t i = 0;
+             for (RIFF::List* wave = wvpl->GetSubListAt(i); wave;
+                  wave = wvpl->GetSubListAt(++i))
+             {
                  if (wave->GetListType() == LIST_TYPE_WAVE) {
-                     if (!pSamples) pSamples = new SampleList;
+                     file_offset_t waveFileOffset = wave->GetFilePos() -
-                     unsigned long waveFileOffset = wave->GetFilePos();
+                                                    wave->GetPos(); // should be zero, but just to be sure
                      pSamples->push_back(new Sample(this, wave, waveFileOffset - wvplFileOffset));
                  }
-                 wave = wvpl->GetNextSubList();
              }
          }
          else { // Seen a dwpl list chunk instead of a wvpl list chunk in some file (officially not DLS compliant)
              RIFF::List* dwpl = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_DWPL);
              if (dwpl) {
-                 unsigned long dwplFileOffset = dwpl->GetFilePos();
+                 file_offset_t dwplFileOffset = dwpl->GetFilePos() -
-                 RIFF::List* wave = dwpl->GetFirstSubList();
+                                                dwpl->GetPos(); // should be zero, but just to be sure
-                 while (wave) {
+                 size_t i = 0;
+                 for (RIFF::List* wave = dwpl->GetSubListAt(i); wave;
+                      wave = dwpl->GetSubListAt(++i))
+                 {
                      if (wave->GetListType() == LIST_TYPE_WAVE) {
-                         if (!pSamples) pSamples = new SampleList;
+                         file_offset_t waveFileOffset = wave->GetFilePos() -
-                         unsigned long waveFileOffset = wave->GetFilePos();
+                                                        wave->GetPos(); // should be zero, but just to be sure
                          pSamples->push_back(new Sample(this, wave, waveFileOffset - dwplFileOffset));
                      }
-                     wave = dwpl->GetNextSubList();
                  }
              }
          }
      }
+     /** @brief Add a new sample.
+      *
+      * This will create a new Sample object for the DLS file. You have to
+      * call Save() to make this persistent to the file.
+      *
+      * @returns pointer to new Sample object
+      */
+     Sample* File::AddSample() {
+        if (!pSamples) LoadSamples();
+        __ensureMandatoryChunksExist();
+        RIFF::List* wvpl = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_WVPL);
+        // create new Sample object and its respective 'wave' list chunk
+        RIFF::List* wave = wvpl->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_WAVE);
+        Sample* pSample = new Sample(this, wave, 0 /*arbitrary value, we update offsets when we save*/);
+        pSamples->push_back(pSample);
+        return pSample;
+     }
+     /** @brief Delete a sample.
+      *
+      * This will delete the given Sample object from the DLS file. You have
+      * to call Save() to make this persistent to the file.
+      *
+      * @param pSample - sample to delete
+      */
+     void File::DeleteSample(Sample* pSample) {
+         if (!pSamples) return;
+         SampleList::iterator iter = find(pSamples->begin(), pSamples->end(), pSample);
+         if (iter == pSamples->end()) return;
+         pSamples->erase(iter);
+         pSample->DeleteChunks();
+         delete pSample;
+     }
      Instrument* File::GetFirstInstrument() {
          if (!pInstruments) LoadInstruments();
          if (!pInstruments) return NULL;
-Line 515 
 namespace DLS {
+Line 1797 
 namespace DLS {
      }
      void File::LoadInstruments() {
+         if (!pInstruments) pInstruments = new InstrumentList;
          RIFF::List* lstInstruments = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LINS);
          if (lstInstruments) {
-             RIFF::List* lstInstr = lstInstruments->GetFirstSubList();
+             size_t i = 0;
-             while (lstInstr) {
+             for (RIFF::List* lstInstr = lstInstruments->GetSubListAt(i);
+                  lstInstr; lstInstr = lstInstruments->GetSubListAt(++i))
+             {
                  if (lstInstr->GetListType() == LIST_TYPE_INS) {
-                     if (!pInstruments) pInstruments = new InstrumentList;
                      pInstruments->push_back(new Instrument(this, lstInstr));
                  }
-                 lstInstr = lstInstruments->GetNextSubList();
              }
          }
      }
+     /** @brief Add a new instrument definition.
+      *
+      * This will create a new Instrument object for the DLS file. You have
+      * to call Save() to make this persistent to the file.
+      *
+      * @returns pointer to new Instrument object
+      */
+     Instrument* File::AddInstrument() {
+        if (!pInstruments) LoadInstruments();
+        __ensureMandatoryChunksExist();
+        RIFF::List* lstInstruments = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LINS);
+        RIFF::List* lstInstr = lstInstruments->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_INS);
+        Instrument* pInstrument = new Instrument(this, lstInstr);
+        pInstruments->push_back(pInstrument);
+        return pInstrument;
+     }
+     /** @brief Delete an instrument.
+      *
+      * This will delete the given Instrument object from the DLS file. You
+      * have to call Save() to make this persistent to the file.
+      *
+      * @param pInstrument - instrument to delete
+      */
+     void File::DeleteInstrument(Instrument* pInstrument) {
+         if (!pInstruments) return;
+         InstrumentList::iterator iter = find(pInstruments->begin(), pInstruments->end(), pInstrument);
+         if (iter == pInstruments->end()) return;
+         pInstruments->erase(iter);
+         pInstrument->DeleteChunks();
+         delete pInstrument;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns the underlying RIFF::File used for persistency of this DLS::File
+      * object.
+      */
+     RIFF::File* File::GetRiffFile() {
+         return pRIFF;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns extension file of given index. Extension files are used
+      * sometimes to circumvent the 2 GB file size limit of the RIFF format and
+      * of certain operating systems in general. In this case, instead of just
+      * using one file, the content is spread among several files with similar
+      * file name scheme. This is especially used by some GigaStudio sound
+      * libraries.
+      *
+      * @param index - index of extension file
+      * @returns sought extension file, NULL if index out of bounds
+      * @see GetFileName()
+      */
+     RIFF::File* File::GetExtensionFile(int index) {
+         if (index < 0 || index >= ExtensionFiles.size()) return NULL;
+         std::list<RIFF::File*>::iterator iter = ExtensionFiles.begin();
+         for (int i = 0; iter != ExtensionFiles.end(); ++iter, ++i)
+             if (i == index) return *iter;
+         return NULL;
+     }
+     /** @brief File name of this DLS file.
+      *
+      * This method returns the file name as it was provided when loading
+      * the respective DLS file. However in case the File object associates
+      * an empty, that is new DLS file, which was not yet saved to disk,
+      * this method will return an empty string.
+      *
+      * @see GetExtensionFile()
+      */
+     String File::GetFileName() {
+         return pRIFF->GetFileName();
+     }
+     /**
+      * You may call this method store a future file name, so you don't have to
+      * to pass it to the Save() call later on.
+      */
+     void File::SetFileName(const String& name) {
+         pRIFF->SetFileName(name);
+     }
+     /**
+      * Apply all the DLS file's current instruments, samples and settings to
+      * the respective RIFF chunks. You have to call Save() to make changes
+      * persistent.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - callback function for progress notification
+      * @throws Exception - on errors
+      */
+     void File::UpdateChunks(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         // first update base class's chunks
+         Resource::UpdateChunks(pProgress);
+         // if version struct exists, update 'vers' chunk
+         if (pVersion) {
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckVersion    = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_VERS);
+             if (!ckVersion) ckVersion = pRIFF->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_VERS, 8);
+             uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) ckVersion->LoadChunkData();
+             store16(&pData[0], pVersion->minor);
+             store16(&pData[2], pVersion->major);
+             store16(&pData[4], pVersion->build);
+             store16(&pData[6], pVersion->release);
+         }
+         // update 'colh' chunk
+         Instruments = (pInstruments) ? uint32_t(pInstruments->size()) : 0;
+         RIFF::Chunk* colh = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_COLH);
+         if (!colh)   colh = pRIFF->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_COLH, 4);
+         uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) colh->LoadChunkData();
+         store32(pData, Instruments);
+         // update instrument's chunks
+         if (pInstruments) {
+             if (pProgress) {
+                 // divide local progress into subprogress
+                 progress_t subprogress;
+                 __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, 20.f, 0.f); // arbitrarily subdivided into 5% of total progress
+                 // do the actual work
+                 InstrumentList::iterator iter = pInstruments->begin();
+                 InstrumentList::iterator end  = pInstruments->end();
+                 for (int i = 0; iter != end; ++iter, ++i) {
+                     // divide subprogress into sub-subprogress
+                     progress_t subsubprogress;
+                     __divide_progress(&subprogress, &subsubprogress, pInstruments->size(), i);
+                     // do the actual work
+                     (*iter)->UpdateChunks(&subsubprogress);
+                 }
+                 __notify_progress(&subprogress, 1.0); // notify subprogress done
+             } else {
+                 InstrumentList::iterator iter = pInstruments->begin();
+                 InstrumentList::iterator end  = pInstruments->end();
+                 for (int i = 0; iter != end; ++iter, ++i) {
+                     (*iter)->UpdateChunks(NULL);
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         // update 'ptbl' chunk
+         const int iSamples = (pSamples) ? int(pSamples->size()) : 0;
+         int iPtblOffsetSize = (b64BitWavePoolOffsets) ? 8 : 4;
+         RIFF::Chunk* ptbl = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_PTBL);
+         if (!ptbl)   ptbl = pRIFF->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_PTBL, 1 /*anything, we'll resize*/);
+         int iPtblSize = WavePoolHeaderSize + iPtblOffsetSize * iSamples;
+         ptbl->Resize(iPtblSize);
+         pData = (uint8_t*) ptbl->LoadChunkData();
+         WavePoolCount = iSamples;
+         store32(&pData[4], WavePoolCount);
+         // we actually update the sample offsets in the pool table when we Save()
+         memset(&pData[WavePoolHeaderSize], 0, iPtblSize - WavePoolHeaderSize);
+         // update sample's chunks
+         if (pSamples) {
+             if (pProgress) {
+                 // divide local progress into subprogress
+                 progress_t subprogress;
+                 __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, 20.f, 1.f); // arbitrarily subdivided into 95% of total progress
+                 // do the actual work
+                 SampleList::iterator iter = pSamples->begin();
+                 SampleList::iterator end  = pSamples->end();
+                 for (int i = 0; iter != end; ++iter, ++i) {
+                     // divide subprogress into sub-subprogress
+                     progress_t subsubprogress;
+                     __divide_progress(&subprogress, &subsubprogress, pSamples->size(), i);
+                     // do the actual work
+                     (*iter)->UpdateChunks(&subsubprogress);
+                 }
+                 __notify_progress(&subprogress, 1.0); // notify subprogress done
+             } else {
+                 SampleList::iterator iter = pSamples->begin();
+                 SampleList::iterator end  = pSamples->end();
+                 for (int i = 0; iter != end; ++iter, ++i) {
+                     (*iter)->UpdateChunks(NULL);
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+         // if there are any extension files, gather which ones are regular
+         // extension files used as wave pool files (.gx00, .gx01, ... , .gx98)
+         // and which one is probably a convolution (GigaPulse) file (always to
+         // be saved as .gx99)
+         std::list<RIFF::File*> poolFiles;  // < for (.gx00, .gx01, ... , .gx98) files
+         RIFF::File* pGigaPulseFile = NULL; // < for .gx99 file
+         if (!ExtensionFiles.empty()) {
+             std::list<RIFF::File*>::iterator it = ExtensionFiles.begin();
+             for (; it != ExtensionFiles.end(); ++it) {
+                 //FIXME: the .gx99 file is always used by GSt for convolution
+                 // data (GigaPulse); so we should better detect by subchunk
+                 // whether the extension file is intended for convolution
+                 // instead of checkking for a file name, because the latter does
+                 // not work for saving new gigs created from scratch
+                 const std::string oldName = (*it)->GetFileName();
+                 const bool isGigaPulseFile = (extensionOfPath(oldName) == "gx99");
+                 if (isGigaPulseFile)
+                     pGigaPulseFile = *it;
+                 else
+                     poolFiles.push_back(*it);
+             }
+         }
+         // update the 'xfil' chunk which describes all extension files (wave
+         // pool files) except the .gx99 file
+         if (!poolFiles.empty()) {
+             const int n = poolFiles.size();
+             const int iHeaderSize = 4;
+             const int iEntrySize = 144;
+             // make sure chunk exists, and with correct size
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckXfil = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_XFIL);
+             if (ckXfil)
+                 ckXfil->Resize(iHeaderSize + n * iEntrySize);
+             else
+                 ckXfil = pRIFF->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_XFIL, iHeaderSize + n * iEntrySize);
+             uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) ckXfil->LoadChunkData();
+             // re-assemble the chunk's content
+             store32(pData, n);
+             std::list<RIFF::File*>::iterator itExtFile = poolFiles.begin();
+             for (int i = 0, iOffset = 4; i < n;
+                  ++itExtFile, ++i, iOffset += iEntrySize)
+             {
+                 // update the filename string and 5 byte extension of each extension file
+                 std::string file = lastPathComponent(
+                     (*itExtFile)->GetFileName()
+                 );
+                 if (file.length() + 6 > 128)
+                     throw Exception("Fatal error, extension filename length exceeds 122 byte maximum");
+                 uint8_t* pStrings = &pData[iOffset];
+                 memset(pStrings, 0, 128);
+                 memcpy(pStrings, file.c_str(), file.length());
+                 pStrings += file.length() + 1;
+                 std::string ext = file.substr(file.length()-5);
+                 memcpy(pStrings, ext.c_str(), 5);
+                 // update the dlsid of the extension file
+                 uint8_t* pId = &pData[iOffset + 128];
+                 dlsid_t id;
+                 RIFF::Chunk* ckDLSID = (*itExtFile)->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DLID);
+                 if (ckDLSID) {
+                     ckDLSID->Read(&id.ulData1, 1, 4);
+                     ckDLSID->Read(&id.usData2, 1, 2);
+                     ckDLSID->Read(&id.usData3, 1, 2);
+                     ckDLSID->Read(id.abData, 8, 1);
+                 } else {
+                     ckDLSID = (*itExtFile)->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DLID, 16);
+                     Resource::GenerateDLSID(&id);
+                     uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*)ckDLSID->LoadChunkData();
+                     store32(&pData[0], id.ulData1);
+                     store16(&pData[4], id.usData2);
+                     store16(&pData[6], id.usData3);
+                     memcpy(&pData[8], id.abData, 8);
+                 }
+                 store32(&pId[0], id.ulData1);
+                 store16(&pId[4], id.usData2);
+                 store16(&pId[6], id.usData3);
+                 memcpy(&pId[8], id.abData, 8);
+             }
+         } else {
+             // in case there was a 'xfil' chunk, remove it
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckXfil = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_XFIL);
+             if (ckXfil) pRIFF->DeleteSubChunk(ckXfil);
+         }
+         // update the 'doxf' chunk which describes a .gx99 extension file
+         // which contains convolution data (GigaPulse)
+         if (pGigaPulseFile) {
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckDoxf = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DOXF);
+             if (!ckDoxf) ckDoxf = pRIFF->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DOXF, 148);
+             uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) ckDoxf->LoadChunkData();
+             // update the dlsid from the extension file
+             uint8_t* pId = &pData[132];
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckDLSID = pGigaPulseFile->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DLID);
+             if (!ckDLSID) { //TODO: auto generate DLS ID if missing
+                 throw Exception("Fatal error, GigaPulse file does not contain a DLS ID chunk");
+             } else {
+                 dlsid_t id;
+                 // read DLS ID from extension files's DLS ID chunk
+                 uint8_t* pData = (uint8_t*) ckDLSID->LoadChunkData();
+                 id.ulData1 = load32(&pData[0]);
+                 id.usData2 = load16(&pData[4]);
+                 id.usData3 = load16(&pData[6]);
+                 memcpy(id.abData, &pData[8], 8);
+                 // store DLS ID to 'doxf' chunk
+                 store32(&pId[0], id.ulData1);
+                 store16(&pId[4], id.usData2);
+                 store16(&pId[6], id.usData3);
+                 memcpy(&pId[8], id.abData, 8);
+             }
+         } else {
+             // in case there was a 'doxf' chunk, remove it
+             RIFF::Chunk* ckDoxf = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_DOXF);
+             if (ckDoxf) pRIFF->DeleteSubChunk(ckDoxf);
+         }
+         // the RIFF file to be written might now been grown >= 4GB or might
+         // been shrunk < 4GB, so we might need to update the wave pool offset
+         // size and thus accordingly we would need to resize the wave pool
+         // chunk
+         const file_offset_t finalFileSize = pRIFF->GetRequiredFileSize();
+         const bool bRequires64Bit = (finalFileSize >> 32) != 0 || // < native 64 bit gig file
+                                      poolFiles.size() > 0;        // < 32 bit gig file where the hi 32 bits are used as extension file nr
+         if (b64BitWavePoolOffsets != bRequires64Bit) {
+             b64BitWavePoolOffsets = bRequires64Bit;
+             iPtblOffsetSize = (b64BitWavePoolOffsets) ? 8 : 4;
+             iPtblSize = WavePoolHeaderSize + iPtblOffsetSize * iSamples;
+             ptbl->Resize(iPtblSize);
+         }
+         if (pProgress)
+             __notify_progress(pProgress, 1.0); // notify done
+     }
+     /** @brief Save changes to another file.
+      *
+      * Make all changes persistent by writing them to another file.
+      * <b>Caution:</b> this method is optimized for writing to
+      * <b>another</b> file, do not use it to save the changes to the same
+      * file! Use Save() (without path argument) in that case instead!
+      * Ignoring this might result in a corrupted file!
+      *
+      * After calling this method, this File object will be associated with
+      * the new file (given by \a Path) afterwards.
+      *
+      * @param Path - path and file name where everything should be written to
+      * @param pProgress - optional: callback function for progress notification
+      */
+     void File::Save(const String& Path, progress_t* pProgress) {
+         // calculate number of tasks to notify progress appropriately
+         const size_t nExtFiles = ExtensionFiles.size();
+         const float tasks = 2.f + nExtFiles;
+         // save extension files (if required)
+         if (!ExtensionFiles.empty()) {
+             // for assembling path of extension files to be saved to
+             const std::string baseName = pathWithoutExtension(Path);
+             // save the individual extension files
+             std::list<RIFF::File*>::iterator it = ExtensionFiles.begin();
+             for (int i = 0; it != ExtensionFiles.end(); ++i, ++it) {
+                 //FIXME: the .gx99 file is always used by GSt for convolution
+                 // data (GigaPulse); so we should better detect by subchunk
+                 // whether the extension file is intended for convolution
+                 // instead of checkking for a file name, because the latter does
+                 // not work for saving new gigs created from scratch
+                 const std::string oldName = (*it)->GetFileName();
+                 const bool isGigaPulseFile = (extensionOfPath(oldName) == "gx99");
+                 std::string ext = (isGigaPulseFile) ? ".gx99" : strPrint(".gx%02d", i+1);
+                 std::string newPath = baseName + ext;
+                 // save extension file to its new location
+                 if (pProgress) {
+                      // divide local progress into subprogress
+                     progress_t subprogress;
+                     __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, tasks, 0.f + i); // subdivided into amount of extension files
+                     // do the actual work
+                     (*it)->Save(newPath, &subprogress);
+                 } else
+                     (*it)->Save(newPath);
+             }
+         }
+         if (pProgress) {
+             // divide local progress into subprogress
+             progress_t subprogress;
+             __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, tasks, 1.f + nExtFiles); // arbitrarily subdivided into 50% (minus extension files progress)
+             // do the actual work
+             UpdateChunks(&subprogress);
+         } else
+             UpdateChunks(NULL);
+         if (pProgress) {
+             // divide local progress into subprogress
+             progress_t subprogress;
+             __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, tasks, 2.f + nExtFiles); // arbitrarily subdivided into 50% (minus extension files progress)
+             // do the actual work
+             pRIFF->Save(Path, &subprogress);
+         } else
+             pRIFF->Save(Path);
+         UpdateFileOffsets();
+         if (pProgress)
+             __notify_progress(pProgress, 1.0); // notify done
+     }
+     /** @brief Save changes to same file.
+      *
+      * Make all changes persistent by writing them to the actual (same)
+      * file. The file might temporarily grow to a higher size than it will
+      * have at the end of the saving process.
+      *
+      * @param pProgress - optional: callback function for progress notification
+      * @throws RIFF::Exception if any kind of IO error occurred
+      * @throws DLS::Exception  if any kind of DLS specific error occurred
+      */
+     void File::Save(progress_t* pProgress) {
+         // calculate number of tasks to notify progress appropriately
+         const size_t nExtFiles = ExtensionFiles.size();
+         const float tasks = 2.f + nExtFiles;
+         // save extension files (if required)
+         if (!ExtensionFiles.empty()) {
+             std::list<RIFF::File*>::iterator it = ExtensionFiles.begin();
+             for (int i = 0; it != ExtensionFiles.end(); ++i, ++it) {
+                 // save extension file
+                 if (pProgress) {
+                     // divide local progress into subprogress
+                     progress_t subprogress;
+                     __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, tasks, 0.f + i); // subdivided into amount of extension files
+                     // do the actual work
+                     (*it)->Save(&subprogress);
+                 } else
+                     (*it)->Save();
+             }
+         }
+         if (pProgress) {
+             // divide local progress into subprogress
+             progress_t subprogress;
+             __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, tasks, 1.f + nExtFiles); // arbitrarily subdivided into 50% (minus extension files progress)
+             // do the actual work
+             UpdateChunks(&subprogress);
+         } else
+             UpdateChunks(NULL);
+         if (pProgress) {
+             // divide local progress into subprogress
+             progress_t subprogress;
+             __divide_progress(pProgress, &subprogress, tasks, 2.f + nExtFiles); // arbitrarily subdivided into 50% (minus extension files progress)
+             // do the actual work
+             pRIFF->Save(&subprogress);
+         } else
+             pRIFF->Save();
+         UpdateFileOffsets();
+         if (pProgress)
+             __notify_progress(pProgress, 1.0); // notify done
+     }
+     /** @brief Updates all file offsets stored all over the file.
+      *
+      * This virtual method is called whenever the overall file layout has been
+      * changed (i.e. file or individual RIFF chunks have been resized). It is
+      * then the responsibility of this method to update all file offsets stored
+      * in the file format. For example samples are referenced by instruments by
+      * file offsets. The gig format also stores references to instrument
+      * scripts as file offsets, and thus it overrides this method to update
+      * those file offsets as well.
+      */
+     void File::UpdateFileOffsets() {
+         __UpdateWavePoolTableChunk();
+     }
+     /**
+      * Checks if all (for DLS) mandatory chunks exist, if not they will be
+      * created. Note that those chunks will not be made persistent until
+      * Save() was called.
+      */
+     void File::__ensureMandatoryChunksExist() {
+        // enusre 'lins' list chunk exists (mandatory for instrument definitions)
+        RIFF::List* lstInstruments = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_LINS);
+        if (!lstInstruments) pRIFF->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_LINS);
+        // ensure 'ptbl' chunk exists (mandatory for samples)
+        RIFF::Chunk* ptbl = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_PTBL);
+        if (!ptbl) {
+            const int iOffsetSize = (b64BitWavePoolOffsets) ? 8 : 4;
+            ptbl = pRIFF->AddSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_PTBL, WavePoolHeaderSize + iOffsetSize);
+        }
+        // enusre 'wvpl' list chunk exists (mandatory for samples)
+        RIFF::List* wvpl = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_WVPL);
+        if (!wvpl) pRIFF->AddSubList(LIST_TYPE_WVPL);
+     }
+     /**
+      * Updates (persistently) the wave pool table with offsets to all
+      * currently available samples. <b>Caution:</b> this method assumes the
+      * 'ptbl' chunk to be already of the correct size and the file to be
+      * writable, so usually this method is only called after a Save() call.
+      *
+      * @throws Exception - if 'ptbl' chunk is too small (should only occur
+      *                     if there's a bug)
+      */
+     void File::__UpdateWavePoolTableChunk() {
+         __UpdateWavePoolTable();
+         RIFF::Chunk* ptbl = pRIFF->GetSubChunk(CHUNK_ID_PTBL);
+         const int iOffsetSize = (b64BitWavePoolOffsets) ? 8 : 4;
+         // check if 'ptbl' chunk is large enough
+         WavePoolCount = (pSamples) ? uint32_t(pSamples->size()) : 0;
+         const file_offset_t ulRequiredSize = WavePoolHeaderSize + iOffsetSize * WavePoolCount;
+         if (ptbl->GetSize() < ulRequiredSize) throw Exception("Fatal error, 'ptbl' chunk too small");
+         // save the 'ptbl' chunk's current read/write position
+         file_offset_t ullOriginalPos = ptbl->GetPos();
+         // update headers
+         ptbl->SetPos(0);
+         uint32_t tmp = WavePoolHeaderSize;
+         ptbl->WriteUint32(&tmp);
+         tmp = WavePoolCount;
+         ptbl->WriteUint32(&tmp);
+         // update offsets
+         ptbl->SetPos(WavePoolHeaderSize);
+         if (b64BitWavePoolOffsets) {
+             for (int i = 0 ; i < WavePoolCount ; i++) {
+                 tmp = pWavePoolTableHi[i];
+                 ptbl->WriteUint32(&tmp);
+                 tmp = pWavePoolTable[i];
+                 ptbl->WriteUint32(&tmp);
+             }
+         } else { // conventional 32 bit offsets
+             for (int i = 0 ; i < WavePoolCount ; i++) {
+                 tmp = pWavePoolTable[i];
+                 ptbl->WriteUint32(&tmp);
+             }
+         }
+         // restore 'ptbl' chunk's original read/write position
+         ptbl->SetPos(ullOriginalPos);
+     }
+     /**
+      * Updates the wave pool table with offsets to all currently available
+      * samples. <b>Caution:</b> this method assumes the 'wvpl' list chunk
+      * exists already.
+      */
+     void File::__UpdateWavePoolTable() {
+         WavePoolCount = (pSamples) ? uint32_t(pSamples->size()) : 0;
+         // resize wave pool table arrays
+         if (pWavePoolTable)   delete[] pWavePoolTable;
+         if (pWavePoolTableHi) delete[] pWavePoolTableHi;
+         pWavePoolTable   = new uint32_t[WavePoolCount];
+         pWavePoolTableHi = new uint32_t[WavePoolCount];
+         if (!pSamples) return;
+         // update offsets in wave pool table
+         RIFF::List* wvpl = pRIFF->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_WVPL);
+         uint64_t wvplFileOffset = wvpl->GetFilePos() -
+                                   wvpl->GetPos(); // mandatory, since position might have changed
+         if (!b64BitWavePoolOffsets) { // conventional 32 bit offsets (and no extension files) ...
+             SampleList::iterator iter = pSamples->begin();
+             SampleList::iterator end  = pSamples->end();
+             for (int i = 0 ; iter != end ; ++iter, i++) {
+                 uint64_t _64BitOffset =
+                     (*iter)->pWaveList->GetFilePos() -
+                     (*iter)->pWaveList->GetPos() - // should be zero, but just to be sure
+                     wvplFileOffset -
+                     LIST_HEADER_SIZE(pRIFF->GetFileOffsetSize());
+                 (*iter)->ullWavePoolOffset = _64BitOffset;
+                 pWavePoolTable[i] = (uint32_t) _64BitOffset;
+             }
+         } else { // a) native 64 bit offsets without extension files or b) 32 bit offsets with extension files ...
+             if (ExtensionFiles.empty()) { // native 64 bit offsets (and no extension files) [not compatible with GigaStudio] ...
+                 SampleList::iterator iter = pSamples->begin();
+                 SampleList::iterator end  = pSamples->end();
+                 for (int i = 0 ; iter != end ; ++iter, i++) {
+                     uint64_t _64BitOffset =
+                         (*iter)->pWaveList->GetFilePos() -
+                         (*iter)->pWaveList->GetPos() - // should be zero, but just to be sure
+                         wvplFileOffset -
+                         LIST_HEADER_SIZE(pRIFF->GetFileOffsetSize());
+                     (*iter)->ullWavePoolOffset = _64BitOffset;
+                     pWavePoolTableHi[i] = (uint32_t) (_64BitOffset >> 32);
+                     pWavePoolTable[i]   = (uint32_t) _64BitOffset;
+                 }
+             } else { // 32 bit offsets with extension files (GigaStudio legacy support) ...
+                 // the main gig and the extension files may contain wave data
+                 std::vector<RIFF::File*> poolFiles;
+                 poolFiles.push_back(pRIFF);
+                 poolFiles.insert(poolFiles.end(), ExtensionFiles.begin(), ExtensionFiles.end());
+                 RIFF::File* pCurPoolFile = NULL;
+                 int fileNo = 0;
+                 int waveOffset = 0;
+                 SampleList::iterator iter = pSamples->begin();
+                 SampleList::iterator end  = pSamples->end();
+                 for (int i = 0 ; iter != end ; ++iter, i++) {
+                     RIFF::File* pPoolFile = (*iter)->pWaveList->GetFile();
+                     // if this sample is located in the same pool file as the
+                     // last we reuse the previously computed fileNo and waveOffset
+                     if (pPoolFile != pCurPoolFile) { // it is a different pool file than the last sample ...
+                         pCurPoolFile = pPoolFile;
+                         std::vector<RIFF::File*>::iterator sIter;
+                         sIter = std::find(poolFiles.begin(), poolFiles.end(), pPoolFile);
+                         if (sIter != poolFiles.end())
+                             fileNo = std::distance(poolFiles.begin(), sIter);
+                         else
+                             throw DLS::Exception("Fatal error, unknown pool file");
+                         RIFF::List* extWvpl = pCurPoolFile->GetSubList(LIST_TYPE_WVPL);
+                         if (!extWvpl)
+                             throw DLS::Exception("Fatal error, pool file has no 'wvpl' list chunk");
+                         waveOffset =
+                             extWvpl->GetFilePos() -
+                             extWvpl->GetPos() + // mandatory, since position might have changed
+                             LIST_HEADER_SIZE(pCurPoolFile->GetFileOffsetSize());
+                     }
+                     uint64_t _64BitOffset =
+                         (*iter)->pWaveList->GetFilePos() -
+                         (*iter)->pWaveList->GetPos() - // should be zero, but just to be sure
+                         waveOffset;
+                     // pWavePoolTableHi stores file number when extension files are in use
+                     pWavePoolTableHi[i] = (uint32_t) fileNo;
+                     pWavePoolTable[i]   = (uint32_t) _64BitOffset;
+                     (*iter)->ullWavePoolOffset = _64BitOffset;
+                 }
+             }
+         }
+     }
  // *************** Exception ***************
  // *
-     Exception::Exception(String Message) : RIFF::Exception(Message) {
+     Exception::Exception() : RIFF::Exception() {
+     }
+     Exception::Exception(String format, ...) : RIFF::Exception() {
+         va_list arg;
+         va_start(arg, format);
+         Message = assemble(format, arg);
+         va_end(arg);
+     }
+     Exception::Exception(String format, va_list arg) : RIFF::Exception() {
+         Message = assemble(format, arg);
      }
      void Exception::PrintMessage() {
          std::cout << "DLS::Exception: " << Message << std::endl;
      }
+ // *************** functions ***************
+ // *
+     /**
+      * Returns the name of this C++ library. This is usually "libgig" of
+      * course. This call is equivalent to RIFF::libraryName() and
+      * gig::libraryName().
+      */
+     String libraryName() {
+         return PACKAGE;
+     }
+     /**
+      * Returns version of this C++ library. This call is equivalent to
+      * RIFF::libraryVersion() and gig::libraryVersion().
+      */
+     String libraryVersion() {
+         return VERSION;
+     }
  } // namespace DLS

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