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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>Appendix A. GNU Free Documentation License</title><meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.71.0"></head><body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"><div class="appendix" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h1 class="title"><a name="gfdl"></a>GNU Free Documentation License</h1></div><div><p class="releaseinfo">Version 1.2, November 2002</p></div><div><p class="copyright">Copyright © 2000,2001,2002 Free Software Foundation, Inc.</p></div><div><div class="legalnotice"><a name="gfdl-legalnotice"></a><div class="address"><p>Free Software Foundation, Inc.<br> |
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<span class="street">51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor</span>,<br> |
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<span class="city">Boston</span>,<br> |
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<span class="state">MA</span><br> |
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<span class="postcode">02110-1301</span><br> |
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<span class="country">USA</span><br> |
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</p></div><p>Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies |
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of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.</p></div></div><div><p class="pubdate">Version 1.2, November 2002</p></div></div></div><div class="toc"><p><b>Table of Contents</b></p><dl><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-0">PREAMBLE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-1">APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-2">VERBATIM COPYING</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-3">COPYING IN QUANTITY</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-4">MODIFICATIONS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-5">COMBINING DOCUMENTS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-6">COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-7">AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-8">TRANSLATION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-9">TERMINATION</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-10">FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</a></span></dt><dt><span class="section"><a href="#gfdl-addendum">ADDENDUM: How to use this License for |
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your documents</a></span></dt></dl></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-0"></a>PREAMBLE</h2></div></div></div><p>The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or |
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other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to |
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assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it, with |
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or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially. |
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Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a way |
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to get credit for their work, while not being considered responsible for |
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modifications made by others.</p><p>This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative |
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works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It |
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complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft license |
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designed for free software.</p><p>We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for |
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free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free |
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program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the |
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software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals; it |
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can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or |
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whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License |
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principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-1"></a>APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS</h2></div></div></div><p><a name="gfdl-doc"></a>This License applies to any manual or other work, in |
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any medium, that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying |
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it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice |
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grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use |
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that work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below, |
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refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a |
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licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you |
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copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission under |
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copyright law.</p><p><a name="gfdl-mod-ver"></a>A "Modified Version" of the Document means any |
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work containing the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, |
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or with modifications and/or translated into another language.</p><p><a name="gfdl-secnd-sect"></a>A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or |
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a front-matter section of the Document that deals exclusively with the |
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relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the |
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Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing |
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that could fall directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the |
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Document is in part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may |
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not explain any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of |
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historical connection with the subject or with related matters, or of |
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legal, commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position |
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regarding them.</p><p><a name="gfdl-inv-sect"></a>The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary |
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Sections whose titles are designated, as being those of Invariant |
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Sections, in the notice that says that the Document is released under |
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this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of |
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Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant. The |
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Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document does not |
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identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.</p><p><a name="gfdl-cov-text"></a>The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of |
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text that are listed, as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the |
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notice that says that the Document is released under this License. A |
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Front-Cover Text may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at |
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most 25 words.</p><p><a name="gfdl-transparent"></a>A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a |
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machine-readable copy, represented in a format whose specification is |
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available to the general public, that is suitable for revising the |
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document straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images |
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composed of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely |
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available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text |
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formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable |
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for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent |
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file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to |
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thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not |
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Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for any |
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substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called |
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"Opaque".</p><p>Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain |
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ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML or |
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XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple HTML, |
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PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of |
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transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats |
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include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by |
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proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or |
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processing tools are not generally available, and the machine-generated |
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HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word processors for output |
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purposes only.</p><p><a name="gfdl-title-page"></a>The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, |
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the title page itself, plus such following pages as are needed to hold, |
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legibly, the material this License requires to appear in the title page. |
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For works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title |
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Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work's |
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title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.</p><p><a name="gfdl-entitled"></a>A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit |
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of the Document whose title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in |
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parentheses following text that translates XYZ in another language. |
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(Here XYZ stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as |
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"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To |
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"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document |
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means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this |
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definition.</p><p>The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice |
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which states that this License applies to the Document. These Warranty |
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Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in this License, |
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but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other implication that |
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these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has no effect on the |
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meaning of this License.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-2"></a>VERBATIM COPYING</h2></div></div></div><p>You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either |
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commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the |
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copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies to |
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the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no other |
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conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use |
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technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further copying |
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of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept |
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compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough |
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number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3. |
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</p><p>You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, |
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and you may publicly display copies.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-3"></a>COPYING IN QUANTITY</h2></div></div></div><p>If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly |
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have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the |
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Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the |
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copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover Texts: |
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Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on the back |
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cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify you as the |
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publisher of these copies. The front cover must present the full title |
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with all words of the title equally prominent and visible. You may add |
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other material on the covers in addition. Copying with changes limited |
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to the covers, as long as they preserve the title of the Document and |
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satisfy these conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other |
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respects.</p><p>If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit |
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legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit |
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reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent |
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pages.</p><p>If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document |
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numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable |
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Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each |
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Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general |
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network-using public has access to download using public-standard |
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network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of |
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added material. If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably |
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prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, |
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to ensure that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the |
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stated location until at least one year after the last time you |
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distribute an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) |
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of that edition to the public.</p><p>It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of |
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the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies, to |
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give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the |
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Document.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-4"></a>MODIFICATIONS</h2></div></div></div><p>You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document |
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under the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you |
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release the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the |
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Modified Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing |
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distribution and modification of the Modified Version to whoever |
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possesses a copy of it. In addition, you must do these things in the |
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Modified Version:</p><div class="orderedlist"><a name="gfdl-modif-cond"></a><p class="title"><b>GNU FDL Modification Conditions</b></p><ol type="A"><li>Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a |
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title distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous |
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versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the History |
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section of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous |
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version if the original publisher of that version gives permission. |
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</li><li>List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more |
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persons or entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in |
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the Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal |
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authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has fewer |
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than five), unless they release you from this requirement. |
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</li><li>State on the Title page the name of the publisher of |
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the Modified Version, as the publisher.</li><li>Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document. |
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</li><li>Add an appropriate copyright notice for your |
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modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices. |
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</li><li>Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a |
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license notice giving the public permission to use the Modified |
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Version under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the |
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<a href="#gfdl-addendum" title="ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents">Addendum</a> below. |
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</li><li>Preserve in that license notice the full lists of |
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Invariant Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's |
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license notice.</li><li>Include an unaltered copy of this License. |
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</li><li>Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its |
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Title, and add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new |
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authors, and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title |
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Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, |
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create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the |
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Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing the |
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Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence. |
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</li><li>Preserve the network location, if any, given in the |
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Document for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and |
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likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous |
166 |
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" |
167 |
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was |
168 |
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the |
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original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission. |
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</li><li>For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or |
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"Dedications", Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the |
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section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor |
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acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein. |
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</li><li>Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, |
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unaltered in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the |
176 |
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles. |
177 |
</li><li>Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". |
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Such a section may not be included in the Modified Version. |
179 |
</li><li>Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled |
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"Endorsements" or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section. |
181 |
</li><li>Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers. |
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</li></ol></div><p>If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or |
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appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material |
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copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or all |
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of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to the |
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list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license notice. |
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These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.</p><p>You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it |
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contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various |
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parties--for example, statements of peer review or that the text has |
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been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a |
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standard.</p><p>You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, |
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and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the |
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list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of |
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Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or through |
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arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already includes |
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a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or by |
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arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of, you may |
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not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit permission |
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from the previous publisher that added the old one.</p><p>The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this |
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License give permission to use their names for publicity for or to |
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assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-5"></a>COMBINING DOCUMENTS</h2></div></div></div><p>You may combine the Document with other documents released under |
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this License, under the terms defined in <a href="#gfdl-4" title="MODIFICATIONS">section |
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4</a> above for modified versions, provided that you include in the |
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combination all of the Invariant Sections of all of the original |
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documents, unmodified, and list them all as Invariant Sections of your |
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combined work in its license notice, and that you preserve all their |
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Warranty Disclaimers.</p><p>The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and |
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multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single |
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copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but |
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different contents, make the title of each such section unique by adding |
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at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original author or |
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publisher of that section if known, or else a unique number. Make the |
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same adjustment to the section titles in the list of Invariant Sections |
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in the license notice of the combined work.</p><p>In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled |
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"History" in the various original documents, forming one section |
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Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled |
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"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must |
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delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-6"></a>COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS</h2></div></div></div><p>You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other |
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documents released under this License, and replace the individual copies |
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of this License in the various documents with a single copy that is |
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included in the collection, provided that you follow the rules of this |
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License for verbatim copying of each of the documents in all other |
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respects.</p><p>You may extract a single document from such a collection, and |
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distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a |
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copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this |
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License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that |
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document.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-7"></a>AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS</h2></div></div></div><p>A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other |
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separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a |
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storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the |
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copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal |
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rights of the compilation's users beyond what the individual works |
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permit. When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does |
233 |
not apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves |
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derivative works of the Document.</p><p>If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these |
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copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of |
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the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover Texts may be placed on covers |
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that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the electronic |
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equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise |
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they must appear on printed covers that bracket the whole |
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aggregate.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-8"></a>TRANSLATION</h2></div></div></div><p>Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may |
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distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4. |
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Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special |
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permission from their copyright holders, but you may include |
244 |
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the |
245 |
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a |
246 |
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the |
247 |
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also include |
248 |
the original English version of this License and the original versions |
249 |
of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement between the |
250 |
translation and the original version of this License or a notice or |
251 |
disclaimer, the original version will prevail.</p><p>If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements", |
252 |
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve its |
253 |
Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual |
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title.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-9"></a>TERMINATION</h2></div></div></div><p>You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document |
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except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other attempt |
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to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is void, and will |
257 |
automatically terminate your rights under this License. However, |
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parties who have received copies, or rights, from you under this License |
259 |
will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain |
260 |
in full compliance.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-10"></a>FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE</h2></div></div></div><p>The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of |
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the GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions |
262 |
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in |
263 |
detail to address new problems or concerns. See |
264 |
http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.</p><p>Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version |
265 |
number. If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of |
266 |
this License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option |
267 |
of following the terms and conditions either of that specified version |
268 |
or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the |
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Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version |
270 |
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not |
271 |
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.</p></div><div class="section" lang="en"><div class="titlepage"><div><div><h2 class="title" style="clear: both"><a name="gfdl-addendum"></a>ADDENDUM: How to use this License for |
272 |
your documents</h2></div></div></div><p>To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy |
273 |
of the License in the document and put the following copyright and |
274 |
license notices just after the title page:</p><div class="blockquote"><a name="copyright-sample"></a><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="blockquote-title"><p><b>Sample Invariant Sections list</b></p></div><p> |
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Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. |
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Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document |
277 |
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 |
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or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; |
279 |
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. |
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A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU |
281 |
Free Documentation License". |
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</p></blockquote></div><p>If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and Back-Cover |
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Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:</p><div class="blockquote"><a name="inv-cover-sample"></a><blockquote class="blockquote"><div class="blockquote-title"><p><b>Sample Invariant Sections list</b></p></div><p> |
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with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the |
285 |
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST. |
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</p></blockquote></div><p>If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other |
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combination of the three, merge those two alternatives to suit the |
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situation.</p><p>If your document contains nontrivial examples of program code, we |
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recommend releasing these examples in parallel under your choice of free |
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software license, such as the GNU General Public License, to permit |
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their use in free software.</p></div></div></body></html> |